Category: American Leagues

Northwest Football League 1979-1986

Northwest Football League 1979

PWLTPFPAPct
Olympic Division
*Seattle Cavaliers10730166154.700
*Portland Thunderbirds10640220187.600
Bremerton Chiefs1028064253.200
Sedro-Wooley Raiders10010040289.000
Cascade Division
*Pierce County Bengals101000437301.000
*Spokane Golden Hawks10820281107.800
Burien Flyers10550238201.500
Edmonds Chargers1028048287.200

Reference: [1]

DateHome TeamAway Team
Playoffs
27.10.1979Pierce County Bengals63Portland Thunderbirds10
27.10.1979Spokane Golden Hawks43Seattle Cavaliers7
NWFL Championship
10.11.1979Pierce County Bengals12Spokane Golden Hawks9 ot

Reference: [1]

Northwest International Alliance 1980

PWLTPFPAPct
*Burlington Raiders65105724.833
*Bremerton Chiefs64203560.667
West Seattle62409260.333
Vancouver Panthers6060040.000

Reference: [1]

DateHome TeamAway Team
NWIA Championship
01.11.1980Bremerton Chiefs7Burlington Raiders6 ot

Reference: [1]

Pacific Northwest Football League 1980

PWLTPFPAPct
*Pierce County Bengals770022371.000
Spokane Golden Hawks73407887.429
Portland Thunderbirds725071190.286
Burien Flyers725063142.286

Reference: [1]

DateHome TeamAway Team
West Coast Championship
1980Pierce County Bengals23Twin City (CA) Cougars28

Reference: [1]

Northwest International Alliance 1981

PWLTPFPAPct
*Seattle Cavaliers8620.750
*West Seattle Warhawks8530158131.625
*Skagit Valley Raiders8530154106.625
*Bremerton Chiefs8440130107.500
Vancouver Blue Bombers8080.000

Reference: [1]

DateHome TeamAway Team
Playoffs
07.11.1981Seattle Cavaliers11Bremerton Chiefs10
07.11.1981West Seattle Warhawks3Skagit Valley Raiders10
NWIA Championship
14.11.1981Seattle Cavaliers14Skagit Valley Raiders2

Reference: [1]

Northwest Football League 1982

PWLTPFPAPct
*Oregon City Steelheads8800221351.000
*Beaverton Grizzlies862017988.750
*Burlington Raiders8530132126.625
*West Seattle Warhawks8350132147.375
Burien Vikings8350114147.375
Seattle Cavaliers826074182.250
Bremerton Chiefs817086171.125

Reference: [1]

DateHome TeamAway Team
Playoffs
31.10.1982Oregon City Steelheads44West Seattle Warhawks15
31.10.1982Beaverton Grizzlies22Burlington Raiders6
NWFL Championship
13.11.1982Oregon City Steelheads14Beaverton Grizzlies27

Reference: [1]

Northwest Football League 1983

PWLTPFPAPct
*Portland Steelheads7700152711.000
*Spokane Fury642011079.667
*Burlington Raiders743014494.571
*West Seattle Warhawks743011794.571
Astoria Vikings7430116171.571
Seattle Cavaliers71605888.143
Beaverton Grizzlies707079172.000

Reference: [1]

DateHome TeamAway Team
Playoffs
29.10.1983Spokane Fury26Burlington Raiders15
30.10.1983Portland Steelheads41West Seattle Warhawks13
NWFL Championship
06.11.1983Portland Steelheads24Spokane Fury3

Reference: [1]

Northwest Football League 1984

PWLTPFPAPct
*Auburn Panthers88001831101.000
*Spokane Fury8530183100.625
*Eastside Express8530217149.625
*Skagit Valley Raiders8530178129.625
Sno-King Blue Knights8530153139.625
West Seattle Warhawks844063106.500
Vancouver Grizzlies8350170172.375
Peninsula Pioneers817068179.125
Seattle Cavaliers808044150.000

Reference: [1]

DateHome TeamAway Team
Playoffs
27.10.1984Auburn Panthers12Skagit Valley Raiders6
27.10.1984Spokane Fury32Bellevue Express16
NWFL Championship
03.11.1984Auburn Panthers20Spokane Fury12

Reference: [1] Note: Eastside Express & Bellevue Express are the same team.

Northwest Football League 1985

PWLTPFPAPct
Northern Division
*Spokane Fury10730263119.700
Sno-King Blue Knights10730274134.700
Skagit Valley Raiders10370145217.300
Seattle Cavaliers10010021330.000
Southern Division
*Auburn Panthers101000274541.000
*Salem Stars10730212222.700
West Seattle Warhawks10460143141.400
Eastside Express10280106228.200

Reference: [1]

DateHome TeamAway Team
Playoffs
19.10.1985Auburn Panthers36Everett Blue Knights 3
20.10.1985Spokane Fury7Salem Stars33
NWFL Championship
26.10.1985Auburn Panthers19Salem Stars3

Reference: [1] Note: Everett Blue Knights known as Sno-King Blue Knights for sponsorship reasons.

Northwest Football League 1986

PWLTPFPAPct
*Auburn Panthers121200503431.000
*Eastside Express12840283161.667
*Skagit Valley Raiders12840400195.667
*West Seattle Warhawks12840209141.667
Salem Stars12390117269.250
Seattle Cavaliers12210083405.167
Sno-King Blue Knights12111073454.083

Reference: [1]

DateHome TeamAway Team
Playoffs
25.10.1986Auburn Panthers28Eastside Express0
26.10.1986Skagit Valley Raiders20West Seattle Warhawks0
NWFL Championship
01.11.1986Auburn Panthers52Skagit Valley Raiders7

Reference: [1]

About

The Northwest Football League was a Semi-Pro Football League operating in Washington State and Oregon State (USA) & British Columbia (Canada) from 1971 until 2010 when it was replaced by the Greater Northwest Football Association. It includes the histories of a number of successive leagues, such as the Northwest International Football League 1971-1973, the Northwest Football League of 1974-1979, the Northwest International Alliance 1980-1981, the Pacific Northwest Football League 1980, and the Northwest Football League 1981-2010.

References

Internet Archive

[1] Northwest Football League (1999) NWFL Archives | League Standings 1979-1986 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/19991111224704/http://www.serv.net/~nwfl/page37.html [Accessed 29 November 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Todd Zboyan & Brianna Wallace

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 30 November 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Emmett Waldron Irish-Born Pro & College American Football Player 1993-1999

Scottish Claymores Alternate Logo 1998 [10]
Born: Cork, 18 October 1971.

 

Height: 6-1. Weight: 246.

Position: Linebacker

University: Rice University, TX (NCAA)

Professional: Scottish Claymores (NFL Europe) 1996-1999

Biography: Emmett Waldon was born in Cork and played NCAA football for Rice University before signing for the Scottish Claymores in 1996 – the same year as Scottish Rugby Union captain Gavin Hastings. His father was an Irish Rugby Interprovincial player. In his first year at the Claymores he would have earned £25,000 as well as bonuses and travelling expenses. He played four years for the Claymores as a linebacker. He was the first Irish player to play professional American Football in the NFL in a skilled position since the 1920s .[8]

[7][8]

World League of American Football Logo [1]

World League of American Football 1996

 PWLTPFPAPct
SCOTTISH CLAYMORES10730233190.700
Frankfurt Galaxy10640221220.600
Amsterdam Admirals10550250210.500
Barcelona Dragons10550192230.500
London Monarchs10460161192.400
Rhein Fire10370176191.300

[3]

World League of American Football 1997

 PWLTPFPAPct
Rhein Fire10730206146.700
Amsterdam Admirals10550156160.500
Barcelona Dragons10550236209.500
SCOTTISH CLAYMORES10550134154.500
Frankfurt Galaxy10460147142.400
London Monarchs10460116184.400

[4]

NFL Europe Logos [2]

National Football League Europe 1998

 PWLTPFPAPct
Amsterdam Admirals10730205174.700
Frankfurt Galaxy10730177163.700
Rhein Fire10730198142.700
Barcelona Dragons10460185200.400
England Monarchs10370158205.300
SCOTTISH CLAYMORES10280153192.200

[5]

National Football League Europe 1999

 PWLTPFPAPct
Barcelona Dragons10730263246.700
Frankfurt Galaxy10640239223.600
Rhein Fire10640286149.600
Amsterdam Admirals10460236243.400
SCOTTISH CLAYMORES10460270298.400
Berlin Thunder10370173308.300

[6]

Career Stats

YearTeamGIntInt YdsInt AvgInt TDTkl SoloTkl AstTkl TotSack
1996Scottish Claymores00000
1997Scottish Claymores00000
1998Scottish Claymores00000
1999Scottish Claymores00000
Career Stats [Ref: 7]

Legend: G = Games, It = Interceptions, Yds = Yards, Avg = Average Yards, TD = touchdowns, Tkl = Tackles, Ast = Assisted, Tot = Total, Sack = Sacks.

References

Sources

 
[8] Naughton, Lindie (1996) US FOOTBALL Evening Herald. Thursday, 29 February 1996. pg 62 [Internet] Available from: http://archive.irishnewsarchive.com/Olive/APA/INA/Print.Article.aspx?mode=image&href=EHD%2F1996%2F02%2F29&id=Ar06206 [Accessed 5 July 2017]
 

Websites

 

[2] Growth of a Game (2014) NFL Europe Logos [Internet] Available from: https://www.growthofagame.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/NFL-Europe-Logo.jpg [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[3] Scottish Claymores (1996)1996 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1996.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[4] Scottish Claymores (1997)1997 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1997.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[5] Scottish Claymores (1998)1998 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1998.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[6] Scottish Claymores (1999)1999 Season [Internet] Available from: http://www.esspeedee.com/claymores/1999.php [Accessed 19 October 2017]

[7] Football Database (2017) Emmett Waldron Career Stats [Internet] Available from: https://www.footballdb.com/players/emmett-waldron-waldrem01/stats [Accessed 2 December 2017]

Images

[1] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF Logo [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/WLAFlogo.gif [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[2] Growth of a Game (2014) NFL Europe Logos [Internet] Available from: https://www.growthofagame.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/NFL-Europe-Logo.jpg [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[10] Chris Creamer’s Sports Logos (2019) Scottish Claymores Alternsate Logo 1998 [Internet] Available from:http://content.sportslogos.net/logos/19/1233/full/2552_scottish_claymores-alternate-1998.png [Accessed 27 November 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Cillian Smith, Michael Smith and Michael Brophy of the Irish American Football Association and Irish American Football Officials Association.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 27 November 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

AA Arena / Indoor Football Leagues 2019

National Arena League Logo [6]

National Arena League 2019

PWLTPFPAPct
Jacksonville Sharks141310800475.929
Carolina Cobras14950674433.643
Massachusetts Pirate14860677660.571
Columbus Lions14680646673.429
New York Streets144100610724.286
Orlando Predators142120398840.143

Reference: [1]

Champions Indoor Football Logo [5]

Champions Indoor Football 2019

PWLTPFPAPct
Northern
*Salina Liberty14950682603.643
Omaha Beef13850578503.615
Sioux City Bandits12750692592.583
Wichita Force122100380663.167
Southern
*Duke City Gladiators141130830468.786
*Amarillo Venom13850756720.615
Texas Revolution9450269253.444
Oklahoma Flying Aces122100457630.167
NTX Savages303028241.000

Reference: [4] Note: Playoff Results counted in Standings. Note 2: Texas Revolution folded after 6 weeks – remaining 4 home games awarded 2-0 to opponents # and 3 remaining road games replaced by the NTX Savages.

DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
29.06.2019Salina Liberty44Omaha Beef42
29.06.2019Duke City Gladiators70Amarillo Venom62
CIF Champions Bowl V
13.07.2019Duke City Gladiators35Salina Liberty29

Reference: [2-3]

Indoor Football League Alternate Logo (2009-2019) [4]

Indoor Football League 2019

PWLTPFPAPct
*Arizona Rattlers1414008795101.000
*Iowa Barnstormers141220716522.857
*Sioux Falls Storm141130738589.786
*Green Bay Blizzard14950590521.643
*Nebraska Danger14770714656.500
*Tucson Sugar Skulls14770728705.500
Quad Cities Steamwheelers14680709650.429
Bismarck Bucks142120474751.143
Cedar Rapids River Kings141130413730.071
San Diego Strike Force141130524871.071

Reference: [7]

DateHome TeamAway Team
1st Round Playoffs
21.06.2019Green Bay Blizzard40Nebraska Dangers45
23.06.2019Sioux Falls Storm50Tucson Sugar Skulls47
United Conference Championship
29.06.2019Iowa Barnstormers50Sioux Falls Storm52
Intense Conference Championship
29.06.2019Arizona Rattlers62Nebraska Danger45
United Bowl Championship Game
13.07.2019Arizona Rattlers53Sioux Falls Storm56

Reference: [8]

American West Football Conference 2019

PWLTPFPAPct
Idaho Horsemen1212005973311.000
Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks12660461381.500
Reno Express12660339396.500
Tri-Cities Fire120120303592.000

Reference: [10]

DateHome TeamAway Team
Playoff
14.07.2019Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks27Reno Express28
AWFC Championship
28.07.2019Idaho Horsemen40Reno Express20

Reference: [11]

Report on the NAL 2019 Season

Jacksonville Sharks won the 2019 NAL Championship with a 13-1 record (there were no playoffs), ahead of the Carolina Cobras (9-5) and the Massachusetts Pirate (8-6). Columbus Lions (6-8), New York Streets (4-10) and former AAA Arena Football League team Orlando Predators (2-12) made up the bottom half of the six team league.

Report on the CIF 2019 Season

The Duke City Gladiators won the 2019 CIF Champions Bowl 35-29 against Salina Liberty after posting an 9-3 regular season record. Salina Liberty (8-4), Omaha Beef (8-4) and Amarillo Venom (8-4) also qualified for the Playoffs. Texas Revolution folded after 5 games and were replaced for the reamaining 3 away fixtures by NTX Savages. Oklahoma Flying Aces posted a 2-10 record and Sioux City Bandits (7-5) and Wichita Force (2-10) failed to make the Playoffs in the Northern Division.

Report on IFL 2019 Season

Sioux Falls Storm shocked the previously unbeaten Arizona Rattlers 56-53 in the United Bowl to win their 10th United Bowl, extending their record.

Arizona had finished 14-0 in Regular Season play, and Iowa Barnstormers 12-2 in second. Sioux Falls beat both of these one-time AAA Arena Football League teams on the way to the title after winning against Tucson Sugar Skulls (50-47) in the First Round Playoffs.

The United Conference Championship game was also extremely close, with the Storm beating Nebraska Danger 52-50. In the Intense Conference Championship Arizona Rattlers had beaten Nebraska Danger 62-45. Nebraska had earlier beaten Green Bay Blizzard 45-40 in the Playoffs.

Six of the 10 teams made the playoffs, with Quad Cities Steamwheelers just missing out of a spot in the post-season with a 6-8 record. Bismarck Bucks (2-12), Cedar Rapids River Kings (1-13) and San Diego Strike Force (1-13) won a total of 4 games between them.

Report on AWFC 2019 Season

Idaho horsemen went through the Inaugural AWFC season undefeated, winning all 12 regular season games and defeating Reno Express 40-20 in the Final. Reno Express and Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks had both qualified for the playoffs with a 6-6 record. Tri-Cities Fire, based in Washington State, lost all 12 games, finishing bottom of the four team league.

About the NAL

The National Arena League is a AA American Football League on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States, playing the Arena version of the 8 v 8 Indoor game.

About the CIF

The Champions Indoor Football is a AA (Third Level) American Football League based primarily in the Southwestern States of the USA and Prairie States of the Mid-West.

About the IFL

The Indoor Football League is a AA American Football League played Reduced Numbers (8v8) Arena Football in the Western MidWest & American Southwest.

About the AWFC

The American West Football Conference is a AA Indoor American Football League which started playing in the American Northwest in 2019 to fill in the gap in Professional Indoor Football League on the West Coast (San Diego, Arizona & Oakland have teams in the Indoor Football League but that is primarily a Mid-West League).

About AA American Football

AA American Football is the 3rd Level of Professional American Football. Since 2000 it has been exclusively Arena / Indoor Football Leagues, playing 8v8 Football. The AA Football Map is divided into 4 regions since the 1930s and in 2019 it consisted of the National Arena League (East), Champions Indoor Football (South & Prairie States), Indoor Football League (Mid-West & Southwest) and in 2019 the American West Football Conference (Northwest) became the fourth regional AA Arena / Indoor Football League in the United States, replacing the American Arena League which had lasted one season on the East Coast.

About Arena / Indoor Football

Indoor (also known as Arena) Football plays an 8 v 8 version of American Football on a converted Ice Hockey Rink 50-yards long with 2 10 -yard endzones. Teams have 5 downs (attempts) to score or the ball is turned over – 3 of which must be passing plays. It is therefore a higher scoring game than standard 11 v 11 American Football. The main difference between Arena Football and Indoor Football is that there is no rebound net either side of the goalposts in Indoor Football. Arena Football rules allow the ball stay in play when it comas back off the rebound nets.

References

Websites

[1] National Arena League (2019) National Arena League Standings [Internet] Available from: http://www.nationalarenaleague.com/ [Accessed 26 November 2019]

[2] National Arena League (2018) Schedules [Internet] Available from: http://www.nationalarenaleague.com/schedules/nal-full-schedule.html [Accessed 16 September 2017]

[4] Champions Indoor Football (2019) 2019 Football Standings [Internet] Available from: https://gocifstats.com/sports/fball/2018-19/standings [Accessed 26 November 2019]

[2] Champions Indoor Football (2019) 2019 Composite Schedule Sat Jul 13 [Internet] Available from: https://gocifstats.com/composite [Accessed  26 November 2019]

[3] Champions Indoor Football (2019) 2019 Composite Schedule Sat Jun 29 [Internet] Available from: https://gocifstats.com/composite?d=2019-06-29 [Accessed  26 November 2019]

[7] Indoor Football League (2019) Standings [Internet] Available from: https://www.goifl.com/sports/fball/2018-19/standings [Accesed 27 October 2019]

[8] Indoor Football League (2019) Schedule [Internet] Available from: https://www.goifl.com/sports/fball/2018-19/schedule [Accesed 27 October 2019]

[10] American West Football Conference (2019) Standings | 2019 [Internet] Available from: https://www.americanwestfootballconference.com/stats#/562/standings?division_id=5611 [Accessed 23 November 2019]

[11] American West Football Conference (2019) Scores | 2019 [Internet] Available from: https://www.americanwestfootballconference.com/stats#/562/scores?division_id=5611 [Accessed 23 November 2019]

Images

[9] SportsLogos.net (2019) Indoor Football League Alternate Logo (2009-2019) [Internet] Available from: http://content.sportslogos.net/logos/159/4848/full/982_-indoor_football_league-alternate-2009.gif [Accesed 27 October 2019]

[5] Champions Indoor Football (2019) logo [Internet] Available from: http://gocif.net/images/logo.png [Accessed  26 November 2019]

[6] National Arena League (2018) logo [Internet] Available from: http://www.nationalarenaleague.com/images/logo.png [Accessed 26 November 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Todd Zboyan, Tim Leadingham, Rick Kelley, Bart Barden & Sam Thompson, Greg Kinasewitz, Brianna Wallace & Ken Jackson.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 26 November 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

American Football Association 1977-1983

American Football Association (1977-1983) Logo [8]

AFA 1977

PWLTPFPAPct
*San Antonio Charros88001.000
Oklahoma City Warriors7430.571
Austin Texans8440.500
Wichita Falls Steelers7250.286
Houston Seagulls5050.000
Forth Worth Texas Stars1010.000

Reference: [1] Note: Forth Worth Texas Stars forced out of the League after 1 game. Houston Seagulls folded after 5 games. * San Antonio Charros champions.

Reference: [1]

AFA 1978

PWLTPFPAPct
*Shreveport Steamers10910.900
*San Antonio Charros10640.600
*Houston Titans10640.600
*Oklahoma City Stampede10640.600
Wichita Falls Roughnecks10280.200
Austin Texans10190.100

Reference: [2]

DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
02.09.1978Shreveport Steamer14Oklahoma City Stampede0
02.09.1978San Antonio CharrosWHouston TitansL
Final
16.09.1978Shreveport Steamers17San Antonio Charros14 ot

Reference: [2]

AFA 1979

PWLTPFPAPct
Eastern Conference
*Carolina Chargers141130.
*Jacksonville Firebirds131030
*Alabama Vulcans141040.857
Kentucky Trackers144100.286
Western Conference
*San Antonio Charros141040.571
Shreveport Steamers14950.643
Mississippi Stars14590.357
Arkansas Champs142120.143
Tulsa Mustangs5140.200

Reference: [3] Note: Tulsa Mustangs excluded from the League after 4 games: Marches against Shreveport, San Antonio, Jacksonville, Arkansas & Alabama expunged from record. Tulsa’s record shown here.

DateWinnersRunners-Up
Semi-Finals
15.09.1979Jacksonville Firebirds28Alabama Vulcans21
15.09.1979Carolina Chargers28San Antonio Charros21
Final
29.09.1979Jacksonville7Carolina Chargers21

Reference: [3]

AFA 1980

PWLTPFPAPct
*Shreveport Steamers10910.900
*West Virginia Rockets11740.700
*Carolina Chargers11830.727
*San Antonio Charros10640.600
Jacksonville Firebirds12750.583
Austin Texans10460.400
Fort Worth Wranglers100100.000
Kentucky Trackers8080.000

Reference: [4] Note: Kentucky Trackers forced out of the League.

DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
30.08.1980Carolina Chargers36San Antonio Charros20
30.08.1980Shreveport Steamer17West Virginia Rockets21
Final
07.09.1980Carolina Chargers18West Virginia Rockets42

Reference: [4]

AFA 1981

PWLTPFPAPct
Eastern Division
*West Virginia Rockets10910.900
*Jacksonville Firebirds9540.556
Virginia Hunters10550.500
Orlando Americans10370.300
Carolina Chargers4220.500
Western Division
*Chicago Fire11830.727
*San Antonio Charros11650.636
Shreveport Steamers9540.556
Texas Wranglers12570.429
Austin Texans10190.100

Reference: [5] Note: Carolina Chargers players walk out after 4 games, claiming not enough fans were turning up to enable them to make enough pay. Matches with Jacksonville (L 13-19), West Virginia (L 10-20), Chicago Fire (W 28-23) and San Antonio (W 51-39) expunged from record. Note 2: Austin Texans folded after 10 games.Note 3: Shreveport Steamer folded after 9 games.

DateWinnersRunners-Up
Playoffs
23.08.1981Chicago Fire24Jacksonville Firebirds17
22.08.1981West Virginia Rockets41San Antonio Charros12
Final
30.08.1981West Virginia Rockets29Chicago Fire21

Reference: [5]

AFA 1982

PWLTPFPAPct
Southeast Division
*Carolina Storm1010001.000
*Georgia Pride10640.600
Alabama Magic10640209138.600
Tallahassee Statesmen10550.500
Jacksonville Sunbirds10370.300
Florida Sun4040.000
Southwest Division
*Shreveport Americans10820.800
*Oklahoma Thunder10820.800
*Texas Wranglers10820.800
San Antonio Bulls10460.400
Houston Armadillos10280.200
Austin Texans100100.000
Northeast Division
*Racine Gladiators1010001.000
*West Virginia Rockets10730.700
*Canton Bulldogs10640.600
Buffalo Geminis10370.300
Virginia Chargers10190.100
Roanoke Valley Express6330.500

Reference: [6]Note: Roanoke Valley Express & Florida Sun folded during season: remaining matches awarded to opponents.

DateWinnersRunners-Up
1st Round Playoffs
07.08.1982Shreveport Americans42Georgia Pride35
07.08.1982Racine Gladiators44Canton Bulldogs6
07.08.1982Oklahoma Thunder13Texas Wranglers17
07.08.1982Carolina Storm61West Virginia Rockets15
2nd Round Playoffs
14.08.1982Shreveport Americans30Texas Wranglers27 ot
15.08.1982Carolina Storm35Racine Gladiators8
Final
21.08.1982Carolina storm46Shreveport Americans22

Reference: [6]

AFA 1983

PWLTPFPAPct
East Division
*San Antonio Bulls6510.833
Canton Bulldogs6510.833
Shreveport Steamers7520.826
Pittsburgh Colts5140.200
West Division
*Carolina Storm55001.000
Baton Rouge Red Wings5230.400
Dallas Wranglers6240.333
Charleston Rockets5140.200
Houston Mustangs4040.000
Oklahoma City Drillers2020.000

Reference: [7] Note: The Oklahoma City Drillers folded after 2 games.Note 2: Result of Carlina v Pittsburgh unknown.

DateWinnersRunners-Up
American Bowl
23.07.1983Carolina Storm39San Antonio Bulls0

Reference: [7]

Report

There were five different winners of the AFA over its seven seasons: San Antonio Charros (1997), Shreveport Steamers (1978), Jacksonville Firebirds (1979) and two-time winners West Virginia Rockets (1980-1981) and Carolina Storm (1982-1983).

About

The American Football Association was a AAA (Second Level) American Football League in between the World Football League (1974-1975) and the United States Football League (1983-1985). It operated from 1977-1983 mainly in the Southern States.

References

Websites

[1] Birmingham Pro Sports (2019) AFA 1977 [Internet] Available from: http://www.birminghamprosports.com/afatribute/afa1977.html [Accessed 25 November 2019]

[2] Birmingham Pro Sports (2019) AFA 1978 [Internet] Available from: http://www.birminghamprosports.com/afatribute/afa1978.html [Accessed 25 November 2019]

[3] Birmingham Pro Sports (2019) AFA 1979 [Internet] Available from: http://www.birminghamprosports.com/afatribute/afa1979.html [Accessed 25 November 2019]

[4] Birmingham Pro Sports (2019) AFA 1980 [Internet] Available from: http://www.birminghamprosports.com/afatribute/afa1980.html [Accessed 25 November 2019]

[5] Birmingham Pro Sports (2019) AFA 1981 [Internet] Available from: http://www.birminghamprosports.com/afatribute/afa1981.html [Accessed 25 November 2019]

[6] Birmingham Pro Sports (2019) AFA 1982 [Internet] Available from: http://www.birminghamprosports.com/afatribute/afa1982.html [Accessed 25 November 2019]

[7] Birmingham Pro Sports (2019) AFA 1983 [Internet] Available from: http://www.birminghamprosports.com/afatribute/afa1983.html [Accessed 25 November 2019]

Images

[8] Birmingham Pro Sports (2019) AFA Logo [Internet] Available from: http://www.birminghamprosports.com/alabamavulcans/logo%20american%20football%20association.jpg [Accessed 25 November 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Fiona Corrigan, Caoimhe Mullaney, Alan Delaney, Gillian Glynn, Nianh Hughes & Gareth Hunt

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 25 November 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Indoor Football League 2019

Indoor Football League Alternate Logo (2009-2019) [4]

Standings

PWLTPFPAPct
*Arizona Rattlers1414008795101.000
*Iowa Barnstormers141220716522.857
*Sioux Falls Storm141130738589.786
*Green Bay Blizzard14950590521.643
*Nebraska Danger14770714656.500
*Tucson Sugar Skulls14770728705.500
Quad Cities Steamwheelers14680709650.429
Bismarck Bucks142120474751.143
Cedar Rapids River Kings141130413730.071
San Diego Strike Force141130524871.071

Reference: [1]

Playoffs

DateHome TeamAway Team
1st Round Playoffs
21.06.2019Green Bay Blizzard40Nebraska Dangers45
23.06.2019Sioux Falls Storm50Tucson Sugar Skulls47
United Conference Championship
29.06.2019Iowa Barnstormers50Sioux Falls Storm52
Intense Conference Championship
29.06.2019Arizona Rattlers62Nebraska Danger45
United Bowl Championship Game
13.07.2019Arizona Rattlers53Sioux Falls Storm56

Reference: [2]

Regular Season Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Week 1
22.02.2019Quad Cities Steamwheelers66San Diego Strke Force50
23.02.2019Cedar Rapids River Kings44Sioux Falls Storm47
23.02.2019Nebraska Danger66Bismarck Bucks44
24.02.2019Green Bay Blizzard21Arizona Rattlers51
Week 2
01.03.2019Green Bay Blizzard53Nebraska Danger52
03.03.2019Quad Cities Steamwheelers39Iowa Barnstormers53
03.03.2019Arizona Rattlers81Cedar Rapids River Kings37
03.03.2019San Diego Strike Force44Tucson Sugar Skulls65
Week 3
09.03.2019Nebraska Danger36Sioux Falls Storm55
09.03.2019Cedar Rapids River Kings65San Diego Strike Force48
09.03.2019Iowa Barnstormers41Green Bay Blizzard3
10.03.2019Tucson Sugar Skulls62Bismarck Bucks42
Week 4
15.03.2019Cedar Rapids River Kings36Quad Cities Steamwheelers58
16.03.2019Bismarck Bucks18Sioux Falls Storm52
16.03.2019Arizona Rattlers63Tucson Sugar Skulls28
Week 5
22.03.2019Sioux Falls Storm66Quad Cities Steamwheelers52
23.03.2019Nebraska Danger55Iowa Barnstormers58
24.03.2019San Diego Strike Force45Green Bay Blizzard53
Week 6
29.03.2019Quad Cities Steamwheelers26Green Bay Blizzard29
30.03.2019Bismarck Bucks35Nebraska Danger50
30.03.2019Cedar Rapids River Kings20Iowa Barnstormers41
31.03.2019Tucson Sugar Skulls51San Diego Strike Force31
31.03.2019Arizona Rattlers58Sioux Falls Storm40
Week 7
05.04.2019Green Bay Blizzard53Quad Cities Steamwheelers47
06.04.2019Bismarck Bucks31Sioux Falls Storm64
06.04.2019Arizona Rattlers91San Diego Strike Force58
06.04.2019Iowa Barnstormers59Cedar Rapids River Kings48
06.04.2019Nebraska Danger53Tucson Sugar Skulls47
Week 8
13.04.2019Green Bay Blizzard60Nebraska Danger50
14.04.2019Bismarck Bucks16Iowa Barnstormers55
14.04.2019Tucson Sugar Skulls41Arizona Rattlers55
14.04.2019San Diego Strike Force40Cedar Rapids River Kings34
Week 9
20.04.2019Cedar Rapids River Kings25Bismarck Bucks40
20.04.2019Nebraska Danger47Green Bay Blizzard40
20.04.2019Siuox Falls Storm36Iowa Barnstormers32
20.04.2019Quad Cities Steamwheelers72Tucson Sugar Skulls54
22.04.2019San Diego Strike Force14Arizona Rattlers52
Week 10
26.04.2019Nebraska Danger66Cedar Rapids River Kings42
27.04.2019Sioux Falls Storm50Arizona Rattlers63
27.04.2019Tucson Sugar Skulls58Iowa Barnstormers61
28.04.2019Bismarck Bucks50Quad Cities Steamwheelers48
Week 11
04.05.2019Arizona Rattlers56Nebraska Dangers46
04.05.2019Green Bay Blizzard48Bismarck Bucks39
04.05.2019Iowa Barnstormers43Cedar Rapids River Kings18
04.05.2019Quad Cities Steamwheelers46Sioux Falls Storm59
04.05.2019Tucson Sugar Skulls54San Diego Strike Force34
Week 12
09.05.2019San Diego Strike Force48Tucson Sugar Skulls65
11.05.2019Iowa Barnstormers59Quad Cities Steamwheelers56
11.05.2019Siuox Falls Storm44Green Bay Blizzard37
Week 13
18.05.2019Bismarck Bucks40Tucson Sugar Skulls52
18.05.2019Sioux Falls Storm57Nebraska Danger56
19.05.2019Green Bay Blizzard49Iowa Bzarnstormers54
19.05.2019San Diego Strike Force63Arizona Rattlers84
Week 14
24.05.2019Iowa Barnstormers65Bismarck Bucks35
24.05.2019Nebraska Danger37Quad Cities Steamwheelers43
25.05.2019Tucson Sugar Skulls47Arizona Rattlers62
Week 15
01.06.2019Bismarck Bucks10Green Bay Blizzard41
01.06.2019Cedar Rapids River Kings0Arizona Rattlers56
01.06.2019Sioux Falls Storm60San Diego Strike Force7
Week 16
06.06.2019San Diego Strike Force26Nebraska Danger54
07.06.2019Quad Cities Steamwheelers58Bismarck Bucks20
08.06.2019Arizona Rattlers50Tucson Sugar Skulls49 ot
08.06.2019Cedar Rapids River Kings15Green Bay Blizzard56
08.06.2019Iowa Barnstormers55Sioux Falls Storm53
Week 17
15.06.2019Arizona Rattlers57San Diego Strike Force16
15.06.2019Green Bay Blizzard47Cedar Rapids River Kings0
15.06.2019Siuox Falls Storm65Bismarck Bucks54
15.06.2019Iowa Barnstormers40Nebraska Danger46
15.06.2019Tucson Sugar Skulls55Quad Cities Steamwheelers50

Reference: [2]

Team Geographic Map

2019 IFL Geographic Map [3]

Report

Sioux Falls Storm shocked the previously unbeaten Arizona Rattlers 56-53 in the United Bowl to win their 10th United Bowl, extending their record.

Arizona had finished 14-0 in Regular Season play, and Iowa Barnstormers 12-2 in second. Sioux Falls beat both of these one-time AAA Arena Football League teams on the way to the title after winning against Tucson Sugar Skulls (50-47) in the First Round Playoffs.

The United Conference Championship game was also extremely close, with the Storm beating Nebraska Danger 52-50. In the Intense Conference Championship Arizona Rattlers had beaten Nebraska Danger 62-45. Nebraska had earlier beaten Green Bay Blizzard 45-40 in the Playoffs.

Six of the 10 teams made the playoffs, with Quad Cities Steamwheelers just missing out of a spot in the post-season with a 6-8 record. Bismarck Bucks (2-12), Cedar Rapids River Kings (1-13) and San Diego Strike Force (1-13) won a total of 4 games between them.

About

The Indoor Football League is a AA American Football League played Reduced Numbers (8v8) Arena Football in the Western MidWest & American Southwest.

Reduced Numbers American Football is Full Contact Kittec Football, but with less players designed for smaller localities & regions with less population in the USA.

References

Websites

[1] Indoor Football League (2019) Standings [Internet] Available from: https://www.goifl.com/sports/fball/2018-19/standings [Accesed 27 October 2019]

[2] Indoor Football League (2019) Schedule [Internet] Available from: https://www.goifl.com/sports/fball/2018-19/schedule [Accesed 27 October 2019]

Images

[3] Indoor Football League | Wayback Machine (2019) 2019 Indoor Football League | Geographic Map [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20190708201232/https://www.goifl.com/members/Geographic_Map [Accesed 27 October 2019]

[4] SportsLogos.net (2019) Indoor Football League Alternate Logo (2009-2019) [Internet] Available from: http://content.sportslogos.net/logos/159/4848/full/982_-indoor_football_league-alternate-2009.gif [Accesed 27 October 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Bart Barden & Sam Thompson

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 27 October 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Memphis Tigers AAA Independent American Football 1929-1933

Memphis Tigers’ Record 1929-1933

YearPWLTPct
19291212001.000
193013850.615
193111821.800
193211713.875
193311551.500

Reference: [1]

Report

The Memphis Tigers played an independent schedule which included matches against NFL opposition

They beat undefeated NFL champions Green Bay Packers in 1929, by a score of 20-6, and also beat the Chicago Bears the following week. They also beat the Portsmouth Spartans, who would become the Detroit Lions, and the Brooklyn Dodgers, who left the NFL for the AFL in the 1940s.

In 1934 they would join the American Football League, playing in one of the Major League rivals to the NFL to use that name.

Matches between Tigers & NFL opposition

DateH/AOppositionW/LScore
23.11.1929HChicago BearsL19-39
15.12.1929HGreen Bay PackersW20-6
22.12.1929HChicago BearsW16-6
19.10.1930HPortsmouth SpartansW20-6
23.11.1930AChicago CardinalsL7-20
07.12.1930HChicago CardinalsL0-6
13.12.1930ABrooklyn DodgersL0-13
14.12.1930HBrooklyn DodgersW13-0
13.12.1931HProveidence SteamrollerL6-12
20.12.1931HChicago CardinalsL7-24
11.12.1931HChicago Cardinalscancelled
18.12.1931HBoston BravesT0-0
25.12.1931HBoston BravesT0-0

Reference: [1]

References

_______________________________________________________

Websites

[1] Bob Gill, The Coffin Corner, Pro Football Researchers Association (1991) Tigers Roar in Tennessee [Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/13-03-425.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2018]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to John Wills, Jean-Paul O’Flynn, John Kane, John Cummins, John Morahan & John Doody

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 20 October 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

California Winter League 1927-1928

CWL 1927

PWLTPFPAPct
*Los Angeles Buccaneers53205643.600
*New York Yankees42207443.500
Los Angeles Wildcats22004571.000
Duluth Eskimoes52303934.400
Hollywood Generals31201979.333
California All-Stars3120936.333

Reference: Compiled from Results in [1] Note: Includes Championship series

DateTeam 1Team 2
Championship Series
30.01.1927New York Yankees 14Los Angeles Buccaneers 0
06.02.1927Los Angeles Buccaneers 7New York Yankees 6

Reference: [1]

CWL 1928

PWLTPFPAPct
*New York Yankees 63214239.600
*Cleveland Bulldogs52213834.500
Los Angeles Wildcats42111912.667
Duluth Giants30211933.000

Reference: Compiled from Results in [1] Note: Includes Championship Game.

DateHome TeamAway Team
Championship Game
05.02.1928New York Yankees13Cleveland Bulldogs 6

Reference: [1]

Report

In the Winter of January-February 1927 & 1928, some of the top teams in the National Football League & American Football League played in a Winter League in California, following the end of the Fall (Autumn) NFL & AFL seasons. The teams included star players from college teams in California and were dubbed after the teams’ star NFL & AFL players. e.g. the Nevers Eskimoes were the Duluth Eskimoes of the NFL with star player, Ernie Nevers.

While the best team both seasons, the Los Angeles Wildcats, dubbed Wilson’s Wildcats by the press, were not to play in the season ending game, as they did not provide the draw the organisers wanted. Instead Red Grange’s Yankees played both climactic games, first against Muller’s Californians and in 1928, winning at the second attempt versus Friedman’s Bulldogs.

The League was essentially a AAA League/Major League Rival to the NFL from 1927-1928, featuring both star NFL & AFL teamxs and players and teams and players from the Semi-Pro Pacific Coast Football League and Californian College players.

Teams & Star Players

TeamNFL/AFL/PCFL TeamStar Players
Grange’s YankeesNew York Yankees (AFL Fall 1926 / NFL Fall 1927)Red Grange
Muller’s CaliforniansLos Angeles Buccaneers (NFL)Brick Muller
Wilson’s WildcatsLos Angeles Wildcats (AFL)Wildcat Wilson
Friedman’s BulldogsCleveland Bulldogs (NFL)Benny Friedman
Nevers’ EskimoesDuluth Eskimoes (NFL)Ernie Nevers
Hollywood GeneralsHollywood Generals (PCFL)Semi-Pro Team
California All-StarsOakland and San Francisco (PCFL)Semi-Pro Team
Nevers-Imlay GiantsDuluth Eskimoes & Californian College PlayersErnie Nevers & Tut Imlay
(College Player)

Reference: [1]

Bob Gill (2009) Seasons in the Sun – The California winter league of 1927 and ’28 The Coffin Corner Volume 31,No. 1, Pro Football Researchers Association (2009)[Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/coffin-corner00’s/CC-31-1.pdf [Accessed 20 October 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Eoin O’Fearghaill.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 20 October 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Eastern Football League 1926-1927

EFL 1926

PWLTPFPAPct
*Bethlehem Bears106227245.750
Gilberton Catamounts95225122.714
All-Lancaster Roses105236137.714
Mount Carmel Wolverines95319443.625
Coaldale Big Green114436343.500
Atlantic City Roses82422265.333
Shenandoah Red Jackets82514541.286
Mount Airy7160758.143
Clifton Heights Orange & Black3111310.500
Eastern Football League Standings 1926 [Reference: 1]

EFL 1927

PWLTPFPAPct
*All-Lancaster Roses55009681.000
Atlantic City Roses65107813.667
Coaldale Big Green63304061.500
Wilkes-Barre Panthers21101834.500
Newark Blues51313274.250
Bethlehem Bears51311356.250
Shenandoah Red Jackets5050677.000
Eastern Football League Standings 1927 [Reference: 2]

Report

The Eastern Football League of 1926 was one of two AA Leagues that played one season that year (the Pacific Coast Football League was the other). Bethlehem Bears won a tightly contested league, finishing just ahead of Gilberton Catamounts and All-Lancaster Roses.

References

[1]  Pro Football Archives (2019) 1926 [Internet] Available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/1926.html [Accessed 11 October 2019]

Sources

[2] Gill, Bob with Maher, Todd (2006) “Part 3: Season-by Season Listings” Outsiders, Minor League and Independent Football 1923-1950. Pg. 94. St. Johann Press. Haworth, NJ, USA.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Richard Mulcahy

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 December 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

American Football League 1938-1939

AFL 1938

PWLTPFPAPct
*East Chicago Indians65108320.833
Louisville Tanks74306639.571
St. Louis Gunners84312973.571
Nashville Rebels52213961.500
Cincinnati Blades8350536.375
Dayton Rosies6150778.167

Reference: [2]

AFL 1939

PWLTPFPAPCT
Los Angeles Bulldogs871022385.875
Cincinnati Bengals862011785.750
Columbus Bullies1394023581.692
East Chicago Indians74305551.571
St. Louis Gunners11560141164.455
Dayton Bombers725045167.286
Kenosha Cardinals927097105.222
Louisville Tanks1129051226.182

Reference: [1]

About

The AFL of 1938-1939 featured ex-NFL team the St. Louis Gunners, as well as the Los Angeles Bulldogs, who had played and beaten NFL teams. It is considered a Major League Rival to the NFL.

East Chicago Indians won the 1938 title and the 1939 title was won by the Bulldogs.

References

_______________________________________________________

Websites

[1] Bob Gill, The Coffin Corner, Pro Football Researchers Association (1989) Back Before Bengalmania – Cincinnati’s First Brush with the Big Time – [Internet] Available from: http://profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/11-05-379.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2018]

[2] Pro Football Archives (2019) 1938 | American Football League [Internet] Available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/1938.html [Accessed 12 October 2019]

[2] Pro Football Archives (2019) 1939 | American Football League [Internet] Available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/1939.html [Accessed 12 October 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Irene Carroll, Margaret Williams

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 12 October 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

World Football League 1974-1975 (Irish Players)

World Football League Logo [Ref: 3]

WFL 1974

 PWLTPFPAPct
Eastern Division       
*Florida Blazers201460419280.700
Charlotte Hornets2010100467350.500
*Philadelphia Bell209110493413.450
Jacksonville Sharks144100258358.286
Central Division       
*Memphis Southmen201730629365.850
*Birmingham Americans201550503394.750
Chicago Fire207130446622.350
Detroit Wheels141130209358.071
Western Division       
*Southern California Sun201370486622.350
*Honolulu Hawaiians209110413425.450
Portland Storm207121204426.375
Shreveport Steamer207121240415.375

References: [1]

First Round Playoffs   
Florida Blazers18Philadelphia Bell3
Honolulu Hawaiians32Southern California Sun14
Semi-Finals   
Florida Blazers18Memphis Southmen15
Birmingham Americans22Honolulu Hawaiians19
World Bowl 74   
Birmingham Americans22Florida Blazers21

References: [1]

Adrian Young, LB, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, played Linebacker for the Hawaiians in 1974. [2]

WFL 1975

 PWLTPFPAPct
Eastern Division       
Birmingham Vulcans12930257186.750
Memphis Southmen11740254206.636
Charlotte Hornets11650225199.545
Jacksonville Express11650227247.545
Philadelphia Bell11470195237.364
Western Division       
Southern California Sun12750354341.583
San Antonio Wings13760364268.538
Shreveport Steamer12570276313.417
Honolulu Hawaiians11470213269.364
Portland Thunder11470210281.364
Chicago Winds514067125.200

References: [1]

Adrian Young, LB, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, played Linebacker for the Hawaiians in 1975. [2]

Report

The World Football League was a Major League rival to the NFL that aimed to bring American Football to a Worldwide audience, though it got no further than Hawaii.

It placed teams in cities that did not have NFL teams, but its business model failed, and after two weeks of the second-half fall season in 1975 if folded.

The winners of the only World Bowl, in 1974, were the Birmingham Americans, who defeated Orlando’s Florida Blazers 22-21.

The NFL took note, however, and started promoting the NFL to TV audiences in Europe at the end of the 1970s and early 1980s, leading to the creation of American Football Leagues throughout Europe from 1980 onwards, which are still in existence.

Adrian Young, born in Dublin, Ireland, played for the Hawaiians from 1974-1975, as well as Philadelphia Eagles (1968-1972), Detroit Lions (1972) & Chicago Bears (1973) in the National Football League beforehand. [2]

References

_________________________________________________________

Websites

[1] Bob Braunwart, The Coffin Corner, Pro Football Researchers Association (1988) WFL by Team Records [Internet] Available from: http://profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/10-03-337.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2018]

[2] Pro Football Archives (2019) Adrian Young [Internet] Available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/playery/youn00400.html [Accessed 12 October 2019]

Images

[3] Birmingham Pro Sports (2019) Birmingham Americans History | Logo World Football League [Internet] Available from: https://www.birminghamprosports.com/birminghamamericans/logo%20world%20football%20league.jpg [Accessed 11 February 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Tim Leadingham

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

World Gridiron Archive

Last Updated: 11 February 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and World Gridiron Archive 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.