Category: World Gridiron

May 14, 2020

National Football League American Bowl Preseason Games in Mexico 1994-2001

Results

Date	City	Winners		Runners-Up
15.08.1994	Mexico City	Houston Oilers	6	Dallas Cowboys	0
05.08.1996	Monterrey	Kansas City Chiefs	32	Dallas Cowboys	6
04.08.1997	Mexico City	Miami Dolphins	38	Denver Broncos	19
17.08.1998	Mexico City	New England Patriots	21	Dallas Cowboys	3
19.08.2000	Mexico City	Indianapolis Colts	24	Pittsburgh Steelers	23
27.08.2001	Mexico City	Dallas Cowboys	21	Oakland Raiders	6

National Football League American Bowls in Mexico 1994-2001 [Ref: 1]

Report

The first International game played by the National Football League outside of Canada was in tokyo, Japan, in 1976, and this was followed by a match in Mexico City in 1978 (see National Football League Intercontinental 1972-1978 for more details).

Beginning with matches in London in 1986, the American Bowl was a preseason Bowl game played in International cities until 2005, when the focus became Regular Season matches Internationally.

In 1994 the first American Bowl matches were played in Mexico, with a Cowboy-theme for one of the sides in each of the six matches: Dallas Cowboys four times, Denver Broncos once and Indianapolis Colts once. The Cowboys lost the first three matches they played, to the Oilers, Chiefs and Patriots, before winning against the Oakland Raiders. Similarly, the Broncos lost their game, before the Colts won against the Steelers.

The first Regular Season match in Mexico was played in 2005.

References

Bibliography

[1] National Football League (2014) “2014 National Football League Record & Factbook | International Games” pg. 508. New York, USA

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Cillian Smith, Michael Smith & Michael Brophy, Irish American Football Association

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 14, 2020

National Football League v Pacific Coast Football League 1936

Results NFL v AFL 1936

Date	NFL Team		AFL/ PCFL Team		Venue
1936	Philadelphia Eagles	7	Los Angeles Bulldogs	10	Los Angeles
1936	Pittsburgh Pirates	7	Los Angeles Bulldogs	27	Los Angeles
27.12.1936	Brooklyn Dodgers	18	Salinas Packers (PCFL)	0	Salinas
10.01.1937	Green Bay Packers	42	Salinas Packers (PCFL)	7	San Francisco
14.02.1937	NFL All-Stars	14	Salinas Packers (PCFL)	0	Bakersfield

National Football League v Pacific Coast Football League 1936 [Ref: 1]

Report

After the demise of the Pacific Coast Football League after one week in 1936, there was no League season on the West Coast from 1936-1937, with the Salinas Packers and Los Angeles Bulldogs playing an independent schedule.

The Los Angeles Bulldogs had scheduled games against National Football League teams the Philadelphia Eagles (winning 10-7) and Pittsburgh Pirates (winning 27-7).

The Packers played against the Brooklyn Dodgers of the NFL in 1936, losing 18-0 and also the Green Bay Packers (NFL Champions) who won 42-7, before losing to an NFL All-Star team in Bakersfield. [1]

The two teams also played each other, with the Salinas Packers winning 21-17, as well as scheduling matches against other West Coast and Inland Empire opposition.

References

[1] California Dreamin’ – West Coast Pros in the 1930s – Bob Gill, in association with Tod Maher, The Coffin Corner, Pro Football Researchers Association (1984) California Dreamin’ – West Coast Pros in the 1930s [Internet] Available from: http://profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/06-07-190.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2018

[2] Tod Maher, The Coffin Corner, Pro Football Researchers Association (1987) The Salinas Packers [Internet] Available from: http://profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/09-05-303.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2018]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Eoin O’Fearghaill.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 May 2020

May 14, 2020

California Winter League 1928

Final Standings 1928

	P	W	L	T	PF	PA	Pct
*New York Yankees	6	3	2	1	42	39	.600
*Cleveland Bulldogs	5	2	2	1	38	34	.500
Los Angeles Wildcats	4	2	1	1	19	12	.667
Duluth Giants	3	0	2	1	19	33	.000

California Winter League Final Standings 1928 [Ref: Compiled from results in 1]

Reference: Compiled from Results in [1] Note: Includes Championship Game.

Championship Game

Date	Home Team		Away Team
	Championship Game
05.02.1928	New York Yankees	13	Cleveland Bulldogs	6

California Winter League Championship Game 1928 [Ref: 1]

Results

Date	Home Team		Away Team
	Week 1
02.01.1928	Los Angeles Wildcats	6	New York Yankees	0
	Week 2
08.01.1928	Los Angeles Wildcats	7	New York Yankees	0
08.01.1928	Duluth Giants	6	Cleveland Bulldogs	13
	Week 3
15.01.1928	Los Angeles Wildcats	6	Cleveland Bulldogs	12
15.01.1928	Duluth Giants	0	New York Yankees	7
	Week 4
22.01.1928	New York Yankeees	9	Cleveland Bulldogs	7
22.01.1928	Los Angeles Wildcats	c	Duluth Giants	c
	Week 5
29.01.1928	Los Angeles Wildcats	0	Cleveland Bulldogs	0
29.01.1928	Duluth Giants	13	New York Yankees	13

California Winter League Results 1928 [Ref: 1]

Report

In the Winter of January-February 1927 & 1928, some of the top teams in the National Football League & American Football League played in a Winter League in California, following the end of the Fall (Autumn) NFL & AFL seasons. The teams included star players from college teams in California and were dubbed after the teams’ star NFL & AFL players. e.g. the Nevers Eskimoes were the Duluth Eskimoes of the NFL with star player, Ernie Nevers.

For the second year in a row the Duluth Eskimoes and New York Yankees ended their seasons by competing in a Winter League in California over January and February 1928. They were joined this time by the Cleveland Bulldogs.

There were no Pacific Coast Football League teams this year, however, the Duluth Eskimoes included many Californian College players on their roster, and were dubbed Nevers-Imlay Giants by the press (after their two star players – Ernie Nevers of the Eskimoes and Tut Imlay from the Californian Colleges). The Los Angeles Wildcats, previously of the American Football League, named Wilson’s Wildcats by the Press, made up the final team in the four team league.

The Wildcats won their opening two fixtures against the Yankees, before dropping a game to the Cleveland Bulldogs. Their fourth game, against the Duluth Giants was cancelled, and they tied their last game 0-0 with the Bulldogs.

The Yankees recovered from their defeats to the Wildcats to defeat the Bulldogs and tie with the Giants, and the Bulldogs had started their season with a win over the Giants and Wildcats, before losing to the Yankees and tying their last game.

Despite being the best team on the circuit for the second year in a row, the Los Angeles Wildcats were not invited to the season ending Finale, their place insted going to the Yankees as they were a better draw for the fans, even though they had lost both games to the LA team.

The Yankees made no mistake in their second California Winter League Finale, winning 13-6 against Friedmann’s Bulldogs.

The League was essentially a AAA League/Major League Rival to the NFL from 1927-1928, featuring both star NFL & AFL teamxs and players and teams and players from the Semi-Pro Pacific Coast Football League and Californian College players.

Teams & Star Players

Team	NFL/AFL/PCFL Team	Star Players
Grange’s Yankees	New York Yankees (NFL Fall 1927)	Red Grange
Wilson’s Wildcats	Los Angeles Wildcats (AFL)	Wildcat Wilson
Friedman’s Bulldogs	Cleveland Bulldogs (NFL)	Benny Friedman
Nevers-Imlay Giants	Duluth Eskimoes (NFL) & Californian College Players	Ernie Nevers & Tut Imlay (College Player)

California Winter League 1928 [Ref: 1]

Reference: [1]

Bob Gill (2009) Seasons in the Sun – The California winter league of 1927 and ’28 The Coffin Corner Volume 31,No. 1, Pro Football Researchers Association (2009)[Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/coffin-corner00’s/CC-31-1.pdf [Accessed 20 October 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Eoin O’Fearghaill.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 14, 2020

California Winter League 1927

CWL 1927

	P	W	L	T	PF	PA	Pct
Los Angeles Buccaneers (C)	5	3	2	0	56	43	.600
New York Yankees	4	2	2	0	74	43	.500
Los Angeles Wildcats	2	2	0	0	45	7	1.000
Duluth Eskimoes	5	2	3	0	39	34	.400
Hollywood Generals	3	1	2	0	19	79	.333
California All-Stars	3	1	2	0	9	36	.333

California Winter League 1927 [Ref: Compiled from Results in: 1]

Note: Includes Championship Series (C) Champions.

Date	Team 1		Team 2
	Championship Series
30.01.1927	New York Yankees	14	Los Angeles Buccaneers	0
06.02.1927	Los Angeles Buccaneers	7	New York Yankees	6

California Winter League Championship series 1927 [Ref: 1]

Results

Date	Home Team		Away Team
18.12.1927	California All-Stars	0	Duluth Eskimoes	19
25.12.1927	Hollywood Generals	6	Duluth Eskimoes	3
26.12.1927	California All-Stars	9	Duluth Eskimoes	7
02.01.1927	California All-Stars	0	Duluth Eskimoes	10
09.01.1927	Los Angeles Buccaneers	19	Duluth Eskimoes	0
09.01.1927	Los Angeles Wildcats	28	Hollywood Generals	7
16.01.1927	Los Angeles Buccaneers	30	New York Yankees	6
23.01.1927	Hollywood Generals	6	New York Yankees	48
23.01.1927	Los Angeles Wildcats	17	Los Angeles Buccaneers	0

Report

The Duluth Eskimoes opened with 19-0 victory over the California All-Stars, a Pacific Coast Football League All-Star team made up of players from the Oakland and San Francisco franchises. They then lost to both the Hollywood Generals and California All-Stars, before winning the third match against the All-Stars, and finishing their tour with a loss to the Los Angeles Buccaneers (dubbed Muller’s Californians by the Press). The Los Angeles Wildcats also beat the Hollywood Generals on that day.

The New York Yankees, with star player, Red Grange then started their tour the following week (16 January 1927), with a loss to the Los Angeles Buccaneers, and then beating the Hollywood Generals. The same day the Los Angeles Wildcats beat the Los Angeles Buccaneers 17-0, but were not invited to the season ending series of games as they were not the draw the organizers wanted.

Instead, the Los Angeles Buccaneers met the New York Yankees for a shot at the title, and lost the first match 14-0, before winning the second, and last match 7-6, to finish the seson with three wins, and the unofficial Champions.

Teams & Star Players

Team	NFL/AFL/PCFL Team	Star Players
Muller’s Californians	Los Angeles Buccaneers (NFL)	Brick Muller
Wilson’s Wildcats	Los Angeles Wildcats (AFL)	Wildcat Wilson
Grange’s Yankees	New York Yankees (AFL Fall 1926)	Red Grange
Nevers’ Eskimoes	Duluth Eskimoes (NFL)	Ernie Nevers
Hollywood Generals	Hollywood Generals (PCFL)	Semi-Pro Team
California All-Stars	Oakland and San Francisco (PCFL)	Semi-Pro Team

California Winter League Teams and Star Players 1927 [Ref: 1]

Reference: [1]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Eoin O’Fearghaill.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 14, 2020

National Football League v American Football League 1927-1928

Results NFL v AFL (California Winter League) 1927-1928

Date	NFL Team		AFL Team
	California Winter League		1927
25.12.1926	Duluth Eskimoes	3	Hollywood Generals	6
18.12.1926	Duluth Eskimoes	19	California All-Stars *	0
26.12.1926	Duluth Eskimoes	7	California All-Stars *	9
07.01.1927	Duluth Eskimoes	10	California All-Stars *	0
16.01.1927	Los Angeles Buccaneers	30	New York Yankees	0
23.01.1927	Los Angeles Buccaneers	0	Los Angeles Wildcats	17
30.01.1927	Los Angeles Buccaneers	0	New York Yankees	14
06.02.1927	Los Angeles Buccaneers	7	New York Yankees	6
	California Winter League		1928
02.01.1928	New York Yankees	0	Los Angeles Wildcats	6
08.01.1928	New York Yankees	0	Los Angeles Wildcats	7
15.01.1928	Cleveland Bulldogs	12	Los Angeles Wildcats	6
29.01.1928	Cleveland Bulldogs	0	Los Angeles Wildcats	0

National Football League v American Football League – California Winter League 1927-1928 [Ref:

Note: *Pacific Coast Football League All-Star Team

Report

While the best team both seasons, the Los Angeles Wildcats, dubbed Wilson’s Wildcats by the press, were not to play in the season ending game, as they did not provide the draw the organisers wanted. Instead Red Grange’s Yankees (New York Yankees) played both climactic games, first against Muller’s Californians (Los Angeles Buccaneers) and in 1928, winning at the second attempt versus Friedman’s Bulldogs (Cleveland Bulldogs).

In 1927 the NFL teams won 5 of the 8 matches between the Leagues, and in 1928, there were two wins for AFL teams, one for the NFL with one tie. Reference: [1]

References

Websites / Online Magazines

[1] Bob Gill (2009) Seasons in the Sun – The California winter league of 1927 and ’28 The Coffin Corner Volume 31,No. 1, Pro Football Researchers Association (2009)[Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/coffin-corner00’s/CC-31-1.pdf [Accessed 20 October 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Eoin O’Fearghaill.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 14, 2020

American Football League International 1926

Result

Date	Venue	Winners		Runners-Up
1926	Toronto	New York Yankees	28	Los Angeles Wildcats	0

American Football League match in Canada 1926 [Ref: 1]

Report

The first Major League American Football International match took place in Toronto in 1926, between the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Wildcats of the American Football League. The Yankees won 28-0.

It was not, however, until 1941 that the first true International matches took place between the Winnipeg Blue Bombers from Canada, and the AFL’s Columbus Bullies (see Canadian Football League v American Football League Matches 1941-1948 for more details)

References

Websites

[1] Ninety-Nine Yards, Chris Lawton (2020) An International Fixture: When the CFL played teams from other leagues [Internet] Available from: http://ninetynineyards.com/2020/04/27/international/ [Accessed 14 May 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Robert Burns.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 May 2020

May 14, 2020

Canadian Football League v American Football League Matches 1941-1948

CFL v AFL Results

Date	Venue	CFL Team		AFL Team
26.08.1941	Winnipeg	Winnipeg Blue Bombers	19	Columbus Bullies	12
01.09.1941	Winnipeg	Winnipeg Blue Bombers	0	Columbus Bullies	6
10.09.1941	Winnipeg	Winnipeg Blue Bombers	1	Columbus Bullies	31
28.08.1948	Montreal	Montreal Alouettes	1	Brooklyn Dodgers	27

CFL v AFL Matches 1941-1948 [Ref: 1]

Report

The first Gridiron International at a Major League Level was one between New York Yankees and Los Angeles Wildcats, both of the AFL, in Toronto, in 1926. In the 1920s and 1930s NFL and AFL teams played each other, but the first true Gridiron Internationals were played in the 1940s between Canadian teams and American Football League teams.

In 1941 the Winnipeg Blue Bombers (later to join the Canadian Football League) played three matches against the Columbus Bullies of the American Football League. The Blue Bombers won the first 19-12 (in front of 4,500 fans), before the Bullies won 6-0 and 31-1 (before 4,500 and 3,000 fans respectively).

Former NFL team, the Brooklyn Dodgers, now in the AFL, beat Montreal Alouettes 27-1 in Montreal’s Delormier Stadium before 10,773 fans on 28 August 1948, again playing under CFL rules for the first half, and AFL rules for the second half.

These matches were played under CFL rules in the first half and AFL rules in the second half. In 1950 the first Internationals were played between NFL and CFL teams: (see: National Football League v Canadian Football League 1950-1969 for more details).

National Football League v Canadian Football League cartoon [Ref: 2]

References

Websites

Images

[2] Ninety-Nine Yards, Chris Lawton (2020) An International Fixture: When the CFL played teams from other leagues [Internet] Available from: https://i0.wp.com/ninetynineyards.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2020/04/ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg.jpg?w=824 [Accessed 14 May 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Robert Burns.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 14 May 2020

May 12, 2020

National Football League International Era Timeline 1950-Present

National Football League Logo [Ref: 4]

National Football League Expansion Era, 1952-present

Number	Teams	Years Active
	National-American Football League	1952-1953
1	Dallas Texans (NFL)	1952; 1960-1962
2	Baltimore Colts (NFL)	1953-1982
	American Football League	1960-1969
3	Denver Broncos	1960-present
4	Houston Oilers	1960-1995 [13]
5	Los Angeles Chargers	1960 [14]
6	New York Titans	1960-1962 [16]
7	Buffalo Bills	1960-present
8	Boston Patriots	1960-1969 [17]
11	Oakland Raiders	1960-1981 [18]
13	San Diego Chargers	1961-2018 [20]
14	Kansas City Chiefs	1963-present
15	New York Jets	1963-present
17	Miami Dolphins	1967-present
19	Boston Patriots (Birmingham)	1968 *
20	Cincinnati Bengals	1969-present
21	Miami Dolphins (Tampa)	1969 *
	National Football League Relocation Era	1950-1982
9	Dallas Cowboys	1960-present
10	St. Louis Cardinals	1960-1987 [19]
12	Minnesota Vikings	1961-present
16	Atlanta Falcons	1966-present
18	New Orleans Saints	1968-present
22	New England Patriots	1971-present [17]
23	New York Giants (New Haven, Conn.)	1973-1975 [21]
24	New York Giants (New Jersey)	1976-present [21]
25	Tampa Bay Buccaneers	1976-present
26	Seattle Seahawks	1976-present
27	Indianapolis Colts	1982-present [22]
28	Los Angeles Raiders	1982-1994 [23]
29	Los Angeles Rams (Anaheim)	1982-1994 [24]
30	New York Jets (New Jersey)	1984-present [25]
31	Phoenix Cardinals	1988-1993
32	Arizona Cardinals	1994-Present
	National Football League South Expansion Era	1995-2019
33	Carolina Panthers	1995-present
34	Jacksonville Jaguars	1995-present
35	St. Louis Rams	1995-2018 [27]
36	Oakland Raiders	1995-2019 [28]
37	Baltimore Ravens	1996-present
38	Tennessee Oilers (Memphis)	1997 [29]
39	Tennessee Titans (Nashville)	1998 [30]
40	Houston Texans	2002-present
41	New Orleans Saints (Baton Rouge)	2005
42	New Orleans Saints (San Antonio)	2005
43	San Francisco 49ers (Santa Clara)	2014-Present
44	Los Angeles Chargers	2019-present [20]
45	Los Angeles Rams	2019-present [36]
46	Las Vegas Raiders	2020-present [37]

National Football League Major Teams Timeline 1920-present [Ref: 1-7]

National Football League International 1960-Present

Number	Team (Host City)	Years
	National Football League Intercontinental	1960-1993
49	Chicago Bears (Toronto)	1960
50	Detroit Lions (Montreal)	1969
51	Pittsburgh Steelers (Montreal)	1969
52	St. Louis Cardinals (Tokyo)	1976
53	New Orleans Saints (Mexico City)	1978
54	Tampa Bay Bandits (USFL)(London)	1984
55	Minnesota Vikings (Goteborg)	1988
56	Cleveland Browns (Toronto) #	1993
	NFL American Bowl / International Series	1995-Present
57	Minnesota Vikings (London)	1983^; 2013
58	St. Louis / Los Angeles Rams (London)	1987+; 2012, 16-17, 19
59	Miami Dolphins (London)	1988+, 2007, 2015, 2017
60	New Orleans Saints (London)	1990+, 2008
61	San Francisco 49ers (London)	1992+, 2010
62	Buffalo Bills (Toronto)	1995+; 2008-2013 [35]
	National Football League American Bowl	1986-2019
63	Chicago Bears (London)	1986
64	New York Jets (Montreal)	1988
65	Los Angeles Rams (Tokyo)	1989
66	Philadelphia Eagles (London)	1989
67	Denver Broncos (Tokyo)	1990, 1995
68	Pittsburgh Steelers (Montreal)	1990
69	Los Angeles Rams (Berlin)	1990
70	Buffalo Bills (London)	1991
71	San Francisco 49ers (Berlin)	1991
72	Miami Dolphins (Tokyo)	1991
73	Houston Oilers (Tokyo)	1992
74	Miami Dolphins (Berlin)	1992
75	Dallas Cowboys (London)	1993
76	New Orleans Saints (Tokyo)	1993
77	San Francisco 49ers (Barcelona)	1993
78	Minnesota Vikings (Berlin)	1993
79	Los Angeles Raiders (Barcelona)	1994
80	Minnesota Vikings (Tokyo)	1994
81	New York Giants (Berlin)	1994
82	Houston Oilers (Mexico City)	1994
83	San Diego Chargers (Tokyo)	1996
84	Kansas City Chiefs (Monterrey)	1996
85	Pittsburgh Steelers (Dublin)	1997
86	Miami Dolphins (Mexico City)	1997
87	Green Bay Packers (Toronto)	1997
88	Green Bay Packers (Tokyo)	1998
89	San Francisco 49ers (Vancouver)	1998
90	New England Patriots (Tokyo)	1998
91	Denver Broncos (Sydney)	1999
92	Atlanta Falcons (Tokyo)	2000; 2005
93	Indianapolis Colts (Mexico City)	2000
94	Dallas Cowboys (Mexico City)	2001
95	Washington Redskins (Osaka)	2002
96	Tampa Bay Buccaneers (Tokyo)	2003
	National Football League International Series	2005-2019
97	Arizona Cardinals (Mexico City)	2005 [33]
98	Tampa Bay Buccaneers (London)	2009, 2011, 2019
99	Jacksonville Jaguars (London)	2013-2019
100	Atlanta Falcons (London)	2014
101	Oakland Raiders (London)	2014; 2018-2019
102	Kansas City Chiefs (London)	2015
103	Cincinnati Bengals (London)	2016
104	Cleveland Browns (London)	2017
105	Los Angeles Chargers (London)	2018
106	Los Angeles Chargers (Mexico City)	2019
107	Green Bay Packers (Winnipeg) ^	2019

NFL American Bowl & International Series 1976-2019

Report

The National Football League engaged in a series of International Games and Expansion beginning with Preseason Exhibitions in Canada in the 1950s and 1960. In 1960 the American Football League was successful enough to force a merger with the NFL in 1970, and from 1983 to 1999 the National Football League engaged in the American Bowl Series of Preseason Games in London, Berlin, Barcelona, Tokyo, Mexico City, Gothenburg and Osaka.

The ext round of expansion came in the 19990s with the addition of South Divisions to both the American and National Conferences, and after 2000 was a new International series, with Regular Season games in London, Mexico City and Toronto. Recently there has been a new round of relocations, just as there was in the 1970s and early 1980s.

Notes

For the American Bowl and NFL International Series the Designated Home Team for each game is given with the host city in brackets afterwards. This is the same for games played by National Football League teams in the USA.

Notes

# International Series Match. + American Bowl Match. ^ Non-International Series Preseason Exhibition match.

[10] Baltimore Colts and Dallas Texans of 1952-1953 were part of the National Football League when it was briefly known as the National-American Football League following the merger of the NFL and All-America Football Conference.

[11] NFL considers Baltimore Colts of 1951 & 1953 as separate teams.

[12] Dallas Texans became Kansas City Chiefs in 1963.

[13] Moved to Memphis and became Tennessee Oilers in 1996. name retired by NFL.

[14] Los Angeles Chargers moved to San Diego in 1961.

[15] Minneapolis were awarded a team for the AFL in 1960, but later resigned from the League and were awarded a team for the NFL to begin play in 1961.

[16] New York Titans changed name to New York Jets 1963.

[17] Boston Patriots moved outside Boston in Massachusetts in 1970 and changed name to New England Patriots.

[18] Oakland Raiders moved to Los Angeles (Anaheim) in 1982.

[19] Chicago Cardinals became St. Louis Cardinals in 1960.

[20] San Diego Chargers moved back to Los Angeles in 2019.

[21] New York Giants moved to New Haven, Connecticut in 1973, and East Rutherford, New Jersey in 1975.

[23] Baltimore Colts moved to Indianapolis in 1982.

[24] Los Angeles Rams moved to Anaheim in 1982.

[25] New York Jets moved into Giants Stadium, New Jersey in 1984.

[26] St. Louis Cardinals moved to Phoenix in 1988 and then moved to Tempe, Arizona and became Arizona Cardinals in 1994.

[27] Los Angeles Rams moved to St. Louis 1995.

[28] Los Angeles Raiders moved back to Oakland 1995.

[29] Houston Oilers moved to Memphis becoming the Tennessee Oilers in 1997.

[30] Tennessee Oilers moved to Nashville becoming Tennessee Titans in 1998.

[31] The Cleveland Browns moved to Baltimore in 1996, and were renamed the Ravens. The NFL placed a new team in Cleveland in 1999, and gave them the Cleveland Browns name and history.

[32] The New Orleans Saints played their Home matches in Baton Rouge (Louisiana) and San Antonio (Texas) in 2005 due to the Super Dome in New Orleans being unplayable as a result of Hurricane Katrina.

[33] The Arizona Cardinals were the designated Home Team for an NFL International Regular Season match in Mexico City in 2005.

[34] The Jacksonville Jaguars were the designated Home Team for NFL International Regular Season matches in London from 2007 to present. nicknamed the “Union Jags” by fans.

[35] The Buffalo Bills were the designated Home Team for NFL International Regular Season matches in Toronto from 2008 to 2013.

[36] St. Louis Rams moved back to Los Angeles in 2019.

[37] Oakland Raiders moved to Las Vegas in 2020.

*Single Home match played at the venue indicated.

References

Bibliography

[1] National Football League (2014) “Past Standings” 2014 Official NFL Record & Factbook” pg. 350-399. National football League, Time Home Entertainment. 2014.

Websites

[2] Pro Football Hall of Fame (2005) American Football League Standings (1936-37) [Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballhof.com/news/american-football-league-standings-1936-37/ [Accessed 5 June 2017]

[3] Bob Gill, The Coffin Corner, Pro Football Researchers Association (1989) Back Before Bengalmania – Cincinnati’s First Brush with the Big Time – [Internet] Available from: http://profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/11-05-379.pdf [Accessed 9 October 2018]

[4] Pro Football Archives (2019) 1938 | American Football League [Internet] Available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/1938.html [Accessed 12 October 2019]

[5] Pro Football Archives (2019) 1939 | American Football League [Internet] Available from: https://www.profootballarchives.com/1939.html [Accessed 12 October 2019]

[6] Pro Football Hall of Fame (2005) American Football League (1940-1941) [Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballhof.com/news/american-football-league-1940-1941/ [Accessed 5 June 2017]

[7] Pro Football Hall of Fame (2005) All-America Football Conference (AAFC) Standings (1946-1949) [Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballhof.com/news/all-america-football-conference-aafc-standings-1946-1949/ [Accessed 5 June 2017]

[2] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1998 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id173.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[3] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1999 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id174.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[4] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2000 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id175.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[5] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2001 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id176.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[6] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2002 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id177.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[7] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2003 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id178.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[8] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2004 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id179.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[9] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2005 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id180.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[10] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2006 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id181.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[11] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2007 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id182.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

Images

[8] National Football League (2019) Division Standings | 2019 | Preseason [Internet] Available from: https://www.nfl.com/standings/division/2019/PRE [Accessed 12 August 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Decy Maher and John Kane.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish, North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 12 May 2020

May 12, 2020

World Football Leagues Era Timeline 1972-Present

World League of American Football Logo 1991-1997 [Ref: 21]

Intercontinental Football Leagues 1972-1989

Years Active	Teams
	Intercontinental Football League Europe 1972-1975
1972	NFL Bleu (Paris)
1972	NFL Rouge (Paris)
1973-1975	Rome Gladiators
1973-1975	Barcelona Almogovares
1973-1975	Istanbul Conquerors
1973-1975	West Berlin Bears
1973-1975	Vienna Lippizaners
1973-1975	Munich Lions
	Intercontinental Football League USA 1972-1978
1972	Air Force All-Stars
1972	Rota Naval Base Admirals
1973	University of Rhode Island Rams
1973	USAFE All-Stars
1976	Henderson State Reddies
1976	Texas A&I Javelinas
1977	Chicago Lions
1977	Newton Nite Hawks
1978	Indianapolis Capitols
1978	Quad Cities Black Hawks
	Canadian Football League USA 1993-1995; 2002-2005
1993-1994	Sacramento Gold Miners
1994-1995	Baltimore Stallions
1994	Las Vegas Posse
1994-1995	Shreveport Pirates
1995	Birmingham Barracudas
1995	Memphis Mad Dogs
1995	San Antonio Texans
2002-2005	Ottawa Renegades
	United Football League 2009-2011
2009	California Redwoods (San Jose)
2009-2010	Florida Tuskers (Orlando)
2009-2011	Las Vegas Locomotives
2009	New York Sentinels
2010	Hartford Colonials
2010-2011	Omaha Nighthawks
2010-2011	Sacramento Mountain Lions
2011	Virginia Destroyers

Intercontinental Football Leagues Timeline 1972-1989 [Ref: 1-20]

European Football Leagues 1991-2007

Years Active	Teams
	World League of American Football 1991-1992
1991-1992	Birmingham Fire
1991-1992	Montreal Machine
1991-1992	New York / New Jersey Knights
1991-1992	Orlando Thunder
1991	Raleigh-Durham Skyhawks
1991-1992	Sacramento Surge
1991-1992	San Antonio Riders
1992	Ohio Glory (Columbus)
	National Football League Europe 1991-2007
1991-2003	Barcelona Dragons
1991-2007	Frankfurt Galaxy
1991-1998	London / England Monarchs
1995-2007	Amsterdam Admirals
1995-2007	Rhein Fire
1995-2004	Scottish Claymores
1999-2007	Berlin Thunder
2004-2007	Cologne Centurions
2005-2007	Hamburg Sea Devils
	European League of American Football 1993
1993-1995	Hamburg Blue Devils
1993	Cologne Crocodiles
1993	Munich Cowboys
1993	Manchester EuroSpartans
1993	EuroSteelers
1993	EuroBears
1993	EuroRaiders
1993	EuroMonarchs
	American Football League of Europe 1994-1995
1994-1995	Stockholm Nordic Vikings
1994	Berlin Bears
1994	Helsinki Roosters
1995	Frankfurt Knights
1994-1995	Sheffield GB Spartans
1994	Munich Thunder
1994-1995	Amsterdam Crusaders
1994	Frankfurt Gamblers
1995	Bergamo Lions

European Football Leagues Timeline 1991-1989 [Ref: 1-20]

World Football Leagues 2012-Present

Years Active	Teams
	Elite Football League of India 2012
2012	Bangalore Warhawks
2012	Colombo Lions
2012	Delhi Defenders
2012	Kandy Sky Kings
2012	Kolkata Vipers
2012	Mumbai Gladiators
2012	Pakistan Wolfpack
2012	Pune Marathas
	Lingerie Football League Canada 2012-2013
2012-2013	BC Angels
2012-2013	Regina Rage
2012-2013	Saskatoon Sirens
2012-2013	Toronto Triumph
	Legends Football League Australia 2013-2014
2013-2014	NSW Surge
2013-2014	Queensland Brigade
2013-2014	Victoria Maidens
2013-2014	Western Australia Angels
	Pretty Girls Football League Mexico 2017
2017	Cazadoras Los Mochis
2017	Cougars Veracruz
2017	Diosas Cahitas Los Mochis
2017	Evil Queens Culiacan
2017	Linces de Puebla
2017	Lycans EdoMex Ojo de Agua
2017	Morrigans CDMX
2017	Ronin de Puebla Somos
2017	Valkirias San Luis Potosi
	China Arena Football League 2016; 2019
2016-2019	Beijing Lions
2016	Dalian Dragon Kings
2016	Guangzhou Power
2016	Qingdao Clipper
2016	Shanghai Skywalkers
2016	Shenzhen Naja
2019	Shanghai Legend
2019	Shenyang Black Rhinos
2019	Wuhan Gators

World Arena / Legends Football Leagues Timeline 2012-Present [Ref: 46-69]

Report

The first attempts at bringing American Football to the World were in the early 1970s, when Bob Kapp, who had successfully brought Professional Soccer to Texas sought to do the same with American Football in Europe. The Intercontinental Football League featured American teams playing as tourists for the European Championship from 1976 to 1978, as well as a game between two NFL teams NFL Bleu and NFL Rouge in Paris. There was also an attempt to start a Pro League in Europe with six teams, and alhough franchises wrre sold the oil crisis and the spectre of terrorism put a stop to it. The last of these tours was by two Oklahoma Colleges in USSR in 1989.

Beginning in 1991, the National Football League started the World League of American Football with teams in United States, Canada, and Europe. Emmett Waldron, who was born in Cork, played for the Scottish Claymores from 1995 to 1998 when the League was a Europe-only league renamed NFL Europe.

The first Leagues other than American promoted Pro League appeared in 1994-1995 with the American Football League of europe, featuring mainly homegrown European players. In 1993 to 1995 the Canadian Football League also attempted to go “World” by putting teams in the United States of America. The United Football League of 2009-2011 belongs in this category of World League as it actually played three full seasons, whereas most Leagues of this Era in USA ether failed to get off the ground or played a limited 2-game schedule. In 2012 the Elite Football League of India was started by former NFL players and coaches, and featured teams in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Beginning in 2012-13 the Legends and Arena Leagues decided to go Global, with the Lingerie Football League placing teams in Canada for the 2012-13 season, and then as the newly renamed Legends Football League in Australia in 2013-14. Ireland’s Linda Holland, born in Cork, played for the Western Australia Angels in 2013-14. In 2017 the Pretty Girls Football League in Mexico was another of these Leagues. The Arena Football League also got in on the action with its China AFL league playing two season in 2016 and 2019.

Linda Holland of the LFL Australia team Western Australia Angels 2013-14 [Ref: 70]

References

Website / Sources

[1] Mark L. Ford and Massimo Foglio, The Coffin Corner Volume 27,No. 6, Pro Football Researchers Association (2002) THE FIRST “NFL EUROPE”[Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/27-06-1101.pdf [Accessed 20 October 2019]

Bibiography

[2] Massimo Foglio with Mark L. Ford (2017), Touchdown in Europe – How American Football Came to the Old Continent. Second Edition “The Trailblazers: Bleu et Rouge, College and Semi-Pro”. pg. 151-188. Published by the Author (2015, 2017)

Internet Archive

[3] American Football (Russia) (2017) History in Russia [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ru/Hist_RUS.php [Accessed 24 December 2017]

Websites

[4] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF Logo [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/WLAFlogo.gif [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[5] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1991 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id165.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[6] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1992 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id166.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[7] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1995 [Interne] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id170.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[8] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1996 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id171.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[9] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1997 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id172.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[10] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1998 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id173.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[11] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1999 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id174.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[12] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2000 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id175.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[13] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2001 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id176.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[14] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2002 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id177.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[15] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2003 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id178.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[16] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2004 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id179.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[17] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2005 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id180.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[18] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2006 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id181.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[19] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2007 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id182.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

Newspapers

[20] Naughton, Lindie (1996) US FOOTBALL Evening Herald. Thursday, 29 February 1996. pg 62 [Internet] Available from: http://archive.irishnewsarchive.com/Olive/APA/INA/Print.Article.aspx?mode=image&href=EHD%2F1996%2F02%2F29&id=Ar06206 [Accessed 5 July 2017]

Images

[21] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF Logo [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/WLAFlogo.gif [Accessed 23 April 2018]

Websites

[22] Google Groups – rec.sport.football.misc (1994) Message by Ludwig Alberter – 5 September 1994 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/oNVilaWhNSY [Accessed 21 August 2018]

[23] Google Groups – rec.sport.football.misc (1994) Message by Dominik Kubla – 5 November 1994 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/BRx_xxVsAoY [Accessed 21 August 2018]

Sources

[24] FD Reporter (1995) “Terry Launches Second Coming” First Down, May 20, 1995, P. 18.

[25] Rowlands, Neil (1995) “It’s back to the good old Haze!” First Down, May 27, 1995, P. 22.

[26] Anon. (1995) “I’ll give any unhappy fans money back” First Down, June 10, 1995, P. 18.

[27] Myatt, Steve (1995) “Sedin Death!” First Down, June 17, 1995, P. 21.

[28] Myatt, Steve (1995) “Defensive Disaster sees Spartans crumble to 0-5” First Down, July 15, 1995, P. 18.

[29] Anon. (1995) “We can bounce back, says Tel” First Down, July 1, 1995, P. 18.

[30] FD Reporter (1995) “Sitting on the dock of a bay” First Down, August 5, 1995, P. 19.

Online Encyclopedia

[31] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2019) American Football League Europe 1995 [Internet] Available from: http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1995_afle_eur.pdf [Accessed 4 December 2019]

News Groups

[32] Google Groups | rec.sport.football.misc (1995) [FLE] Schedule of 1995 Season | Post by Domink Kubla 27 May 1995 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/6Y8ECEnsSi0 [Accessed 8 August 2018]

[33] Google Groups | rec.sport.football.misc (1995) [FLE] Latest News and first result | Post by Domink Kubla 2 June 1995 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/j1J9u7pcYPo [Accessed 8 August 2018]

[34] Canadian Football League (2019) Standings | 2002 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/standings/?season=2002 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[35] Canadian Football League (2019) Standings | 2003 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/standings/?season=2003 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[36] Canadian Football League (2019) Standings | 2004 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/standings/?season=2004 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[37] Canadian Football League (2019) Schedule | 2004 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/schedule/?season=2004 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[38] Canadian Football League (2019) Standings | 2005 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/standings/?season=2005 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[39] Canadian Football League (2019) Schedule | 2005 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/schedule/?season=2005 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

Internet Archive

[40] United Football League | Internet Archive (2010) Schedule 2009 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20100102212241/http://www.ufl-football.com/schedule [Accessed 13 August 2019]

[41] United Football League | Internet Archive (2011) Schedule 2010 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043730/http://www.ufl-football.com/schedule [Accessed 13 August 2019]

[42] United Football League | Internet Archive (2011) Schedule 2011 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20111026023511/http://www.ufl-football.com/schedule [Accessed 13 August 2019]

Bibliography

[43] Maher, Todd & Gill, Bob (2013) Canadian Pro Football Encyclopedia | The Annual Record pg. 108-110. Maher Sports Media, 2013.

[44] Maher, Todd & Gill, Bob (2013) Canadian Pro Football Encyclopedia | The Game Scores pg. 5-10. Maher Sports Media, 2013.

Online Encyclopedias

[45] Wikipedia (2016) 2012 Elite Football League of India Season [Internet] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Elite_Football_League_of_India_season [Accessed 23 October 2016]

Internet Archive

[46] LFL Canada | Internet Archive (2012) LFL Canada | 2012-13 | Standings [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20121119013016/http://lflcanada.com/standings.php [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[47] De La Fuente, Marcus (2012) LINGERIE BOWL I: HANSON & GARCIA LIGHT UP THE FIELD FOR BC AS MISSED OPPORTUNITIES AND MISTAKES PLAGUE SASKATOON LFL Canada | Internet Archive [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20121205072904/http://www.lfl360.com/articles/lingerie-bowl-i-hanson-garcia-light-field-bc-missed-opportunities-mistakes-plague-saskatoon/ [Accessed 31 August 2019]

Websites

[48] Brian O’Reilly – Irish Independent (2014) February 13 2014: Video: Irish woman becomes star of Australia’s Lingerie Football League [Internet] Availabble from: https://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/video-irish-woman-becomes-star-of-australias-lingerie-football-league-30007193 [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[49] LFL 360 (2013) NSW Surge vs QLD Brigade – The inaugural Australian LFL game [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/new-south-wales-surge/nsw-surge-qld-brigade-the-inaugural-australian-lfl-game/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[50] LFL 360 (2013) A Packed Stadium and Upset Win Add to an Ulnikely Maiden Voyage [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/packed-stadium-upset-win-add-maiden-voyage/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[51] LFL 360 (2013) Heavenly Debut for the Angels [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/heavenly-debut-angels/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[52] LFL 360 (2013) A Surge Capsizes Maiden Voyage, NSW 36 VIC 12 [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/surge-capsizes-maiden-voyage-34-12-sydney [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[53] LFL 360 (2014) Massacre on the Gold Coast, Angels soar above Brigade 41-0 [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/massacre-gold-coast-angels-soar-brigade-41-0 [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[54] LFL 360 (2014) LFL Australia: Articles [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/category/australia/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[55] LFL 360 (2014) LFL Australia: Articles – Page 2 [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/category/australia/page/2/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

Websites

[56] Arena Fan (2016) China Arena Football League Standings [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20161107032211/http://www.arenafan.com/statistics/?page=standings&league=4 [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[57] Morninghof, Mick (2016) Beijing Wins CAFL Bowl on Final Play [Internet] Available from: http://caflfootball.com/beijing-wins-cafl-china-bowl-on-final-play/ [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[58] Morninghof, Mick (2016) Shanghai Takes Third With 57-52 Win [Internet] Available from: http://caflfootball.com/shanghai-takes-third-with-57-52-win/ [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[59] Morninghof, Mick (2016) Naja Finish at .500 With 46-30 Win Over Dalian [Internet] Available from: http://caflfootball.com/shanghai-takes-third-with-57-52-win/ [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[60] China Arena Football League (2019) CAFL 2019 Competition Breakdown! [Internet] Available from: http://caflfootball.com/cafl-2019-competition-breakdown/ [Accessed 3 December 2019]

[61] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, November 13, 2019: ” Final Score from Shenyang: Beijing 28 Shenyang 0 “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2768277399901933 [Accessed 3 December 2019]

[62] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, November 22, 2019: ” Final Score in Wuhan: Gators 40 Shanghai 0 “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2791563504239989 [Accessed 3 December 2019]

[63] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, December 6, 2019: ” Half way through Match Play and Day 1 of the CAFL Championship Tournament and here are the scores: “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2823067901089549 [Accessed 10 December 2019]

[64] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, December 6, 2019: “ The first day is complete and here is how the teams finished in day 1 of Match Play of the CAFL 2019 Championship Tournament. “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2823301561066183 [Accessed 10 December 2019]

[65] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, December 8, 2019: ” The Shenyang Black Rhinos take home the 3rd Place OF THE CAFL 2029 Championship Tournament with an 18-6 win over the Shanghai Legends. “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2827977440598595 [Accessed 10 December 2019]

[66] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, December 8, 2019: ” What an epic battle as the CAFL 2019 Tournament Championship Game gave fans all that they could ask for as the Wuhan Gators came from behind in regulation to tie the score and take the game to overtime to defeat the 2016 champions Beijing Lions 30-22. “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2827996027263403 [Accessed 10 December 2019]

[67] Arena Football League (2019) Official Statement [Internet] Available from: https://www.arenafootball.com/article/nov27-statement [Accessed 3 December 2019]

Social Media

[68] Pretty Girls Football League Facebook Page (2017) Post June 27, 2017: “Se ha llegado la hora,” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/LigaPGFL/posts/1481540131916233 [Accessed 8 October 2018]

[69] Pretty Girls Football League Facebook Page (2017) Post July 16, 2017: “Marcador final
Cougars Veracruz 12 – 28 Valkirias Slp” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/LigaPGFL/posts/1505052382898341:0 [Accessed 8 October 2018]

Images

[70] Brian O’Reilly – Irish Independent (2014) February 13 2014: Video: Irish woman becomes star of Australia’s Lingerie Football League [Internet] Availabble from: https://cdn-03.independent.ie/videos/article30006990.ece/fd099/AUTOCROP/h342/West%20Cork’s%20Linda%20Holland%20on%20reaching%20football’s%20largest%20stage%20in%20Australia%20(Generated%20thumbnail) [Accessed 29 November 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Joe Grey (Dublin Dragons) Sean Douglas (Dublin Rebels & UCD) Fiona Corrigan, Caoimhe Mullaney, Alan Delaney; Cillian Smith, Michael Smith, Ralph Schmeer, and Michael Brophy (IAFA).

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 10 July 2020

May 11, 2020

International American Football USSR 1989

Results

Date	Home Team		Away Team
	College Game		Dynamo Sports Arena, Russia
28.03.1989	Oklahoma Stars		Oklahoma Bummers
	Friendly		West Berlin, Germany
17.09.1989	Berlin Adler (Ger)	77	Moscow Bears (URS)	6

International American Football USSR 1989 [Ref: 1]

The first attempt at creating a Professional American Football League in Russia took place in 1979. It was blocked by the Communist Authorities. It was not until 1989, with the Glasnost Era, that the first matches were played, with a demonstration match by two College teams, the “Stars” and the “Bummers” from Oklahoma. [1]

The following months saw the creation of the first Russian team the Moscow Bears, who played the Berlin Adler, an experienced German team and lost 77-6.

The first Russian American Football Championship then took place in 1992, however due to insufficent numbers as well as presumably the large distances involved in a National League, it was not until 2002 that it was again played, and has been played since. [2]

Billboard Advertising the first American Football Game in Russia 1989 [Reference: 3]

References

Internet Archive

[1] American Football (Russia) (2017) History in Russia [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ru/Hist_RUS.php [Accessed 24 December 2017]

[2] American Football League (Russia) | Wayback Machine (2018) American Football League [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20181216083344/http://laf.amfoot.ru/?r=competition/about&comp=101 [Accessed 31 December 2019]

Images

[3] American Football (Russia) (2017) History in Russia | Billboard Advertising First College Game in Russia 1989 [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ru/History/pics/billboard-1989-400×600.jpg%5BAccessed 24 December 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Robert Gorby & Enda Fahy.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 11 May 2020