May 12, 2020

World Football Leagues Era Timeline 1972-Present

World League of American Football Logo 1991-1997 [Ref: 21]

Intercontinental Football Leagues 1972-1989

Years Active	Teams
	Intercontinental Football League Europe 1972-1975
1972	NFL Bleu (Paris)
1972	NFL Rouge (Paris)
1973-1975	Rome Gladiators
1973-1975	Barcelona Almogovares
1973-1975	Istanbul Conquerors
1973-1975	West Berlin Bears
1973-1975	Vienna Lippizaners
1973-1975	Munich Lions
	Intercontinental Football League USA 1972-1978
1972	Air Force All-Stars
1972	Rota Naval Base Admirals
1973	University of Rhode Island Rams
1973	USAFE All-Stars
1976	Henderson State Reddies
1976	Texas A&I Javelinas
1977	Chicago Lions
1977	Newton Nite Hawks
1978	Indianapolis Capitols
1978	Quad Cities Black Hawks
	Canadian Football League USA 1993-1995; 2002-2005
1993-1994	Sacramento Gold Miners
1994-1995	Baltimore Stallions
1994	Las Vegas Posse
1994-1995	Shreveport Pirates
1995	Birmingham Barracudas
1995	Memphis Mad Dogs
1995	San Antonio Texans
2002-2005	Ottawa Renegades
	United Football League 2009-2011
2009	California Redwoods (San Jose)
2009-2010	Florida Tuskers (Orlando)
2009-2011	Las Vegas Locomotives
2009	New York Sentinels
2010	Hartford Colonials
2010-2011	Omaha Nighthawks
2010-2011	Sacramento Mountain Lions
2011	Virginia Destroyers

Intercontinental Football Leagues Timeline 1972-1989 [Ref: 1-20]

European Football Leagues 1991-2007

Years Active	Teams
	World League of American Football 1991-1992
1991-1992	Birmingham Fire
1991-1992	Montreal Machine
1991-1992	New York / New Jersey Knights
1991-1992	Orlando Thunder
1991	Raleigh-Durham Skyhawks
1991-1992	Sacramento Surge
1991-1992	San Antonio Riders
1992	Ohio Glory (Columbus)
	National Football League Europe 1991-2007
1991-2003	Barcelona Dragons
1991-2007	Frankfurt Galaxy
1991-1998	London / England Monarchs
1995-2007	Amsterdam Admirals
1995-2007	Rhein Fire
1995-2004	Scottish Claymores
1999-2007	Berlin Thunder
2004-2007	Cologne Centurions
2005-2007	Hamburg Sea Devils
	European League of American Football 1993
1993-1995	Hamburg Blue Devils
1993	Cologne Crocodiles
1993	Munich Cowboys
1993	Manchester EuroSpartans
1993	EuroSteelers
1993	EuroBears
1993	EuroRaiders
1993	EuroMonarchs
	American Football League of Europe 1994-1995
1994-1995	Stockholm Nordic Vikings
1994	Berlin Bears
1994	Helsinki Roosters
1995	Frankfurt Knights
1994-1995	Sheffield GB Spartans
1994	Munich Thunder
1994-1995	Amsterdam Crusaders
1994	Frankfurt Gamblers
1995	Bergamo Lions

European Football Leagues Timeline 1991-1989 [Ref: 1-20]

World Football Leagues 2012-Present

Years Active	Teams
	Elite Football League of India 2012
2012	Bangalore Warhawks
2012	Colombo Lions
2012	Delhi Defenders
2012	Kandy Sky Kings
2012	Kolkata Vipers
2012	Mumbai Gladiators
2012	Pakistan Wolfpack
2012	Pune Marathas
	Lingerie Football League Canada 2012-2013
2012-2013	BC Angels
2012-2013	Regina Rage
2012-2013	Saskatoon Sirens
2012-2013	Toronto Triumph
	Legends Football League Australia 2013-2014
2013-2014	NSW Surge
2013-2014	Queensland Brigade
2013-2014	Victoria Maidens
2013-2014	Western Australia Angels
	Pretty Girls Football League Mexico 2017
2017	Cazadoras Los Mochis
2017	Cougars Veracruz
2017	Diosas Cahitas Los Mochis
2017	Evil Queens Culiacan
2017	Linces de Puebla
2017	Lycans EdoMex Ojo de Agua
2017	Morrigans CDMX
2017	Ronin de Puebla Somos
2017	Valkirias San Luis Potosi
	China Arena Football League 2016; 2019
2016-2019	Beijing Lions
2016	Dalian Dragon Kings
2016	Guangzhou Power
2016	Qingdao Clipper
2016	Shanghai Skywalkers
2016	Shenzhen Naja
2019	Shanghai Legend
2019	Shenyang Black Rhinos
2019	Wuhan Gators

World Arena / Legends Football Leagues Timeline 2012-Present [Ref: 46-69]

Report

The first attempts at bringing American Football to the World were in the early 1970s, when Bob Kapp, who had successfully brought Professional Soccer to Texas sought to do the same with American Football in Europe. The Intercontinental Football League featured American teams playing as tourists for the European Championship from 1976 to 1978, as well as a game between two NFL teams NFL Bleu and NFL Rouge in Paris. There was also an attempt to start a Pro League in Europe with six teams, and alhough franchises wrre sold the oil crisis and the spectre of terrorism put a stop to it. The last of these tours was by two Oklahoma Colleges in USSR in 1989.

Beginning in 1991, the National Football League started the World League of American Football with teams in United States, Canada, and Europe. Emmett Waldron, who was born in Cork, played for the Scottish Claymores from 1995 to 1998 when the League was a Europe-only league renamed NFL Europe.

The first Leagues other than American promoted Pro League appeared in 1994-1995 with the American Football League of europe, featuring mainly homegrown European players. In 1993 to 1995 the Canadian Football League also attempted to go “World” by putting teams in the United States of America. The United Football League of 2009-2011 belongs in this category of World League as it actually played three full seasons, whereas most Leagues of this Era in USA ether failed to get off the ground or played a limited 2-game schedule. In 2012 the Elite Football League of India was started by former NFL players and coaches, and featured teams in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Beginning in 2012-13 the Legends and Arena Leagues decided to go Global, with the Lingerie Football League placing teams in Canada for the 2012-13 season, and then as the newly renamed Legends Football League in Australia in 2013-14. Ireland’s Linda Holland, born in Cork, played for the Western Australia Angels in 2013-14. In 2017 the Pretty Girls Football League in Mexico was another of these Leagues. The Arena Football League also got in on the action with its China AFL league playing two season in 2016 and 2019.

Linda Holland of the LFL Australia team Western Australia Angels 2013-14 [Ref: 70]

References

Website / Sources

[1] Mark L. Ford and Massimo Foglio, The Coffin Corner Volume 27,No. 6, Pro Football Researchers Association (2002) THE FIRST “NFL EUROPE”[Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/27-06-1101.pdf [Accessed 20 October 2019]

Bibiography

[2] Massimo Foglio with Mark L. Ford (2017), Touchdown in Europe – How American Football Came to the Old Continent. Second Edition “The Trailblazers: Bleu et Rouge, College and Semi-Pro”. pg. 151-188. Published by the Author (2015, 2017)

Internet Archive

[3] American Football (Russia) (2017) History in Russia [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ru/Hist_RUS.php [Accessed 24 December 2017]

Websites

[4] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF Logo [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/WLAFlogo.gif [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[5] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1991 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id165.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[6] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1992 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id166.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[7] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1995 [Interne] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id170.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[8] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1996 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id171.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[9] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1997 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id172.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[10] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1998 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id173.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[11] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 1999 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id174.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[12] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2000 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id175.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[13] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2001 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id176.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[14] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2002 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id177.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[15] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2003 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id178.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[16] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2004 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id179.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[17] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2005 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id180.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[18] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2006 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id181.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

[19] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF History: 2007 [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/id182.html [Accessed 23 April 2018]

Newspapers

[20] Naughton, Lindie (1996) US FOOTBALL Evening Herald. Thursday, 29 February 1996. pg 62 [Internet] Available from: http://archive.irishnewsarchive.com/Olive/APA/INA/Print.Article.aspx?mode=image&href=EHD%2F1996%2F02%2F29&id=Ar06206 [Accessed 5 July 2017]

Images

[21] World League of American Football (2018) WLAF Logo [Internet] Available from: http://www.worldleagueofamericanfootball.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/WLAFlogo.gif [Accessed 23 April 2018]

Websites

[22] Google Groups – rec.sport.football.misc (1994) Message by Ludwig Alberter – 5 September 1994 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/oNVilaWhNSY [Accessed 21 August 2018]

[23] Google Groups – rec.sport.football.misc (1994) Message by Dominik Kubla – 5 November 1994 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/BRx_xxVsAoY [Accessed 21 August 2018]

Sources

[24] FD Reporter (1995) “Terry Launches Second Coming” First Down, May 20, 1995, P. 18.

[25] Rowlands, Neil (1995) “It’s back to the good old Haze!” First Down, May 27, 1995, P. 22.

[26] Anon. (1995) “I’ll give any unhappy fans money back” First Down, June 10, 1995, P. 18.

[27] Myatt, Steve (1995) “Sedin Death!” First Down, June 17, 1995, P. 21.

[28] Myatt, Steve (1995) “Defensive Disaster sees Spartans crumble to 0-5” First Down, July 15, 1995, P. 18.

[29] Anon. (1995) “We can bounce back, says Tel” First Down, July 1, 1995, P. 18.

[30] FD Reporter (1995) “Sitting on the dock of a bay” First Down, August 5, 1995, P. 19.

Online Encyclopedia

[31] Enciclopedia del Football Italiano (2019) American Football League Europe 1995 [Internet] Available from: http://www.warriorsbologna.it/public/Enciclopedia/PDF/1995_afle_eur.pdf [Accessed 4 December 2019]

News Groups

[32] Google Groups | rec.sport.football.misc (1995) [FLE] Schedule of 1995 Season | Post by Domink Kubla 27 May 1995 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/6Y8ECEnsSi0 [Accessed 8 August 2018]

[33] Google Groups | rec.sport.football.misc (1995) [FLE] Latest News and first result | Post by Domink Kubla 2 June 1995 [Internet] Available from: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.sport.football.misc/j1J9u7pcYPo [Accessed 8 August 2018]

[34] Canadian Football League (2019) Standings | 2002 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/standings/?season=2002 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[35] Canadian Football League (2019) Standings | 2003 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/standings/?season=2003 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[36] Canadian Football League (2019) Standings | 2004 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/standings/?season=2004 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[37] Canadian Football League (2019) Schedule | 2004 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/schedule/?season=2004 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[38] Canadian Football League (2019) Standings | 2005 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/standings/?season=2005 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

[39] Canadian Football League (2019) Schedule | 2005 [Internet] Available from: https://www.cfl.ca/schedule/?season=2005 [Accessed 9 March 2019]

Internet Archive

[40] United Football League | Internet Archive (2010) Schedule 2009 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20100102212241/http://www.ufl-football.com/schedule [Accessed 13 August 2019]

[41] United Football League | Internet Archive (2011) Schedule 2010 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043730/http://www.ufl-football.com/schedule [Accessed 13 August 2019]

[42] United Football League | Internet Archive (2011) Schedule 2011 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20111026023511/http://www.ufl-football.com/schedule [Accessed 13 August 2019]

Bibliography

[43] Maher, Todd & Gill, Bob (2013) Canadian Pro Football Encyclopedia | The Annual Record pg. 108-110. Maher Sports Media, 2013.

[44] Maher, Todd & Gill, Bob (2013) Canadian Pro Football Encyclopedia | The Game Scores pg. 5-10. Maher Sports Media, 2013.

Online Encyclopedias

[45] Wikipedia (2016) 2012 Elite Football League of India Season [Internet] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Elite_Football_League_of_India_season [Accessed 23 October 2016]

Internet Archive

[46] LFL Canada | Internet Archive (2012) LFL Canada | 2012-13 | Standings [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20121119013016/http://lflcanada.com/standings.php [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[47] De La Fuente, Marcus (2012) LINGERIE BOWL I: HANSON & GARCIA LIGHT UP THE FIELD FOR BC AS MISSED OPPORTUNITIES AND MISTAKES PLAGUE SASKATOON LFL Canada | Internet Archive [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20121205072904/http://www.lfl360.com/articles/lingerie-bowl-i-hanson-garcia-light-field-bc-missed-opportunities-mistakes-plague-saskatoon/ [Accessed 31 August 2019]

Websites

[48] Brian O’Reilly – Irish Independent (2014) February 13 2014: Video: Irish woman becomes star of Australia’s Lingerie Football League [Internet] Availabble from: https://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/video-irish-woman-becomes-star-of-australias-lingerie-football-league-30007193 [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[49] LFL 360 (2013) NSW Surge vs QLD Brigade – The inaugural Australian LFL game [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/new-south-wales-surge/nsw-surge-qld-brigade-the-inaugural-australian-lfl-game/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[50] LFL 360 (2013) A Packed Stadium and Upset Win Add to an Ulnikely Maiden Voyage [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/packed-stadium-upset-win-add-maiden-voyage/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[51] LFL 360 (2013) Heavenly Debut for the Angels [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/heavenly-debut-angels/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[52] LFL 360 (2013) A Surge Capsizes Maiden Voyage, NSW 36 VIC 12 [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/surge-capsizes-maiden-voyage-34-12-sydney [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[53] LFL 360 (2014) Massacre on the Gold Coast, Angels soar above Brigade 41-0 [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/australia/massacre-gold-coast-angels-soar-brigade-41-0 [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[54] LFL 360 (2014) LFL Australia: Articles [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/category/australia/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

[55] LFL 360 (2014) LFL Australia: Articles – Page 2 [Internet] Available from: https://www.lfl360.com/category/australia/page/2/ [Accessed 6 May 2018]

Websites

[56] Arena Fan (2016) China Arena Football League Standings [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20161107032211/http://www.arenafan.com/statistics/?page=standings&league=4 [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[57] Morninghof, Mick (2016) Beijing Wins CAFL Bowl on Final Play [Internet] Available from: http://caflfootball.com/beijing-wins-cafl-china-bowl-on-final-play/ [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[58] Morninghof, Mick (2016) Shanghai Takes Third With 57-52 Win [Internet] Available from: http://caflfootball.com/shanghai-takes-third-with-57-52-win/ [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[59] Morninghof, Mick (2016) Naja Finish at .500 With 46-30 Win Over Dalian [Internet] Available from: http://caflfootball.com/shanghai-takes-third-with-57-52-win/ [Accessed 31 August 2019]

[60] China Arena Football League (2019) CAFL 2019 Competition Breakdown! [Internet] Available from: http://caflfootball.com/cafl-2019-competition-breakdown/ [Accessed 3 December 2019]

[61] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, November 13, 2019: ” Final Score from Shenyang: Beijing 28 Shenyang 0 “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2768277399901933 [Accessed 3 December 2019]

[62] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, November 22, 2019: ” Final Score in Wuhan: Gators 40 Shanghai 0 “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2791563504239989 [Accessed 3 December 2019]

[63] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, December 6, 2019: ” Half way through Match Play and Day 1 of the CAFL Championship Tournament and here are the scores: “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2823067901089549 [Accessed 10 December 2019]

[64] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, December 6, 2019: “ The first day is complete and here is how the teams finished in day 1 of Match Play of the CAFL 2019 Championship Tournament. “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2823301561066183 [Accessed 10 December 2019]

[65] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, December 8, 2019: ” The Shenyang Black Rhinos take home the 3rd Place OF THE CAFL 2029 Championship Tournament with an 18-6 win over the Shanghai Legends. “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2827977440598595 [Accessed 10 December 2019]

[66] China Arena Football League | Facebook (2019) Post, December 8, 2019: ” What an epic battle as the CAFL 2019 Tournament Championship Game gave fans all that they could ask for as the Wuhan Gators came from behind in regulation to tie the score and take the game to overtime to defeat the 2016 champions Beijing Lions 30-22. “ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CAFLFootball/posts/2827996027263403 [Accessed 10 December 2019]

[67] Arena Football League (2019) Official Statement [Internet] Available from: https://www.arenafootball.com/article/nov27-statement [Accessed 3 December 2019]

Social Media

[68] Pretty Girls Football League Facebook Page (2017) Post June 27, 2017: “Se ha llegado la hora,” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/LigaPGFL/posts/1481540131916233 [Accessed 8 October 2018]

[69] Pretty Girls Football League Facebook Page (2017) Post July 16, 2017: “Marcador final
Cougars Veracruz 12 – 28 Valkirias Slp” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/LigaPGFL/posts/1505052382898341:0 [Accessed 8 October 2018]

Images

[70] Brian O’Reilly – Irish Independent (2014) February 13 2014: Video: Irish woman becomes star of Australia’s Lingerie Football League [Internet] Availabble from: https://cdn-03.independent.ie/videos/article30006990.ece/fd099/AUTOCROP/h342/West%20Cork’s%20Linda%20Holland%20on%20reaching%20football’s%20largest%20stage%20in%20Australia%20(Generated%20thumbnail) [Accessed 29 November 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Joe Grey (Dublin Dragons) Sean Douglas (Dublin Rebels & UCD) Fiona Corrigan, Caoimhe Mullaney, Alan Delaney; Cillian Smith, Michael Smith, Ralph Schmeer, and Michael Brophy (IAFA).

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 10 July 2020

May 11, 2020

International American Football USSR 1989

Results

Date	Home Team		Away Team
	College Game		Dynamo Sports Arena, Russia
28.03.1989	Oklahoma Stars		Oklahoma Bummers
	Friendly		West Berlin, Germany
17.09.1989	Berlin Adler (Ger)	77	Moscow Bears (URS)	6

International American Football USSR 1989 [Ref: 1]

The first attempt at creating a Professional American Football League in Russia took place in 1979. It was blocked by the Communist Authorities. It was not until 1989, with the Glasnost Era, that the first matches were played, with a demonstration match by two College teams, the “Stars” and the “Bummers” from Oklahoma. [1]

The following months saw the creation of the first Russian team the Moscow Bears, who played the Berlin Adler, an experienced German team and lost 77-6.

The first Russian American Football Championship then took place in 1992, however due to insufficent numbers as well as presumably the large distances involved in a National League, it was not until 2002 that it was again played, and has been played since. [2]

Billboard Advertising the first American Football Game in Russia 1989 [Reference: 3]

References

Internet Archive

[1] American Football (Russia) (2017) History in Russia [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ru/Hist_RUS.php [Accessed 24 December 2017]

[2] American Football League (Russia) | Wayback Machine (2018) American Football League [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20181216083344/http://laf.amfoot.ru/?r=competition/about&comp=101 [Accessed 31 December 2019]

Images

[3] American Football (Russia) (2017) History in Russia | Billboard Advertising First College Game in Russia 1989 [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ru/History/pics/billboard-1989-400×600.jpg%5BAccessed 24 December 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Robert Gorby & Enda Fahy.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 11 May 2020

May 11, 2020

Intercontinental Football League European Championship 1978

IFL European Championship 1978

	P	W	L	T	PF	PA	Pct
Quad Cities Black Hawks (C)	4	4	0	0	95	29	1.000
Indianapolis Capitols	4	0	4	0	29	95	.000

Intercontinental Football League European Championship Final Standings 1978 [Ref: 1-2]

Results

Date	Winners		Runners-Up
	Game 1		Brussels, Belgium
25.06.1978	Quad Cities Black Hawks	26	Indianapolis Capitols	14
	Game 2		Antwerp, Belgium
28.06.1978	Quad Cities Black Hawks	W	Indianapolis Capitols	L
	Game 3		Rotterdam, Netherlands
01.07.1978	Quad Cities Black Hawks	42	Indianapolis Capitols	0
	Game 4		Ludwigshafen, Germany
04.07.1978	Quad Cities Black Hawks	7	Indianapolis Capitols	5

Intercontinental Football League European Championship Results 1978 [Ref: 1-2]

Report

The Final Intercontinental Football League European Championship in 1978, again featured Professional teams visiting from America on a 5-game tour. This time the teams were the Quad Cities Black Hawks and Indianapolis Capitols of the AA (3rd Level) Northern States Football League.

The Quad Cities Black Hawks won all four games played, in Brussels and Antwerp (Belgium), Rotterdam (Netherlands) and Ludwigshafen (Germany) with the Final match again cancelled due to the massive losses incurred.

This was to be Bob Kapp and the Intercontinental Football League’s last throw of the dice regards establishing Professional American Football in Europe, and the task was to be taken up by another US promoter in the USSR in 1979.

The real legacy of these tours and the IFL, however, was the establishment of teams in Dusseldorf, Vienna and Milan, by Europeans who wanted to play the sport themselves. With the Dusseldorf Panther and Milano Rhinos still in existence today, it has proved to be a fruitful venture for American Football in the long term, even though it lost a phenomenal amount of money at the time.

References

Website / Sources

Bibiography

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Louise Wills (Kenny) and John Wills.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 11 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 11, 2020

Intercontinental Football League College and Air Force Games 1972-1973

Results

Date	Winners		Runners-Up
	IFL 1972 College Game		Rhein-Main, Germany
25.11.1972	Air Force All-Stars	42	Rota Naval Base Admirals	7
	IFL 1973 Turkey Bowl		Rhein-Main, Germany
22.11.1973	U Rhode Island Rams	34	USAFE All-Stars	6

Intercontinental Football League College and Air Force Games 1972-1973 [Ref: 1-2]

Report

The Intercontinental Football League was the National Football League’s first attempt at starting Professional Football outside North America.

It started after the film M*A*S*H became a worldwide hit in 1970, with its’ climactic ball game between the 4077th and 325th EVAC. There was enough interest for people to start clubs, and in 1973 Bob Kap, who had introduced professional Soccer to sceptical Texans, decided to try and sell Professional American Football to Europeans.

The first games were matches between visiting US Colleges and Air force teams stationed in Europe during the Cold War, and playing in the United States Air Force in Europe League (USAFE) the matches were promoted as “Turkey Bowls”, taking place as they did on Thanksgiving.

The Air Force All-Stars a visiting College team from USA in 1972 and the University of Rhode Island Rams, also a visiting American College team in 1973, both beat their USAFE counterparts in the matches staged in Rhein-Main, Germany.

The next step for Bob Kapp and the Intercontinental Football League wasto be the establishment of a Professional League in Europe.

References

Website / Sources

Bibiography

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Louise Wills (Kenny) and John Wills.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 11 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 11, 2020

Intercontinental Football League European Championship 1977

IFL European Championship 1977

	P	W	L	T	PF	PA	Pct
Newton Nite Hawks (C)	5	5	0	0	126	41	1.000
Chicago Lions	5	0	5	0	41	126	.000

Intercontinental Football League European Championship Final Standings 1977 [Ref: 1-2]

Note: The IFL European Championship of 1977 was a 5-game tour by two Chicagoland League Semi-Pro teams.

Results

Date	Winners		Runners-Up
	Game 1		Versailles, France
02.06.1977	Newton Nite Hawks	26	Chicago Lions	6
	Game 2		Lille, France
06.1977	Newton Nite Hawks	15	Chicago Lions	13
	Game 3		Kaiserslautern, Germany
09.06.1977	Newton Nite Hawks	26	Chicago Lions	16
	Game 4		Graz, Austria
14.06.1977	Newton Nite Hawks	29	Chicago Lions	6
	Game 5		Vienna, Austria
06.1977	Newton Nite Hawks	30	Chicago Lions	0

Intercontinental Football League Results 1977 [Ref: 1-2]

Report

The second Intercontinental Football League season in Europe was again a six-game tour by two North American Football teams, this time Semi-Pro teams the Newton Nite Hawks and Chicago Lions from the Chicagoland League.

The games were all big wins for the Nite Hawks, played in Versailles and Lille (France), Kaiserslautern (Germany) and Graz and Vienna in Austria. Even though the League and Tour lost a substantial amount of money, it was to return for one more season in 1978.

References

Website / Sources

Bibiography

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Louise Wills (Kenny) and John Wills.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 11 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 11, 2020

National Football League Intercontinental 1972-1978

Date	City	Winners		Runners-Up
27.05.1972	Paris (Fra)	NFL Blue	16	NFL Rouge	6
16.08.1976	Tokyo (Jap)	St. Louis Cardinals	20	San Diego Chargers	10
05.08.1978	Mexico City (Mex)	New Orleans Saints	14	Philadelphia Eagles	7

National Football League Intercontinental 1972-1978 [Ref: 1-3]

Report

With the film M*A*S*H being such a hit in Europe, and around the World, featuring its climactic end-sequence depicting an American Football game, the National Football League started promoting the game outside of North America. a game was played in Paris, France in 1972 between 42 NFL players, representing NFL Blue and NFL Rouge.

At the the same time attempts were afoot by the World Football League (1974-1975) and Bob Kapp’s Intercontinental Football League to host teams in cities around the World. While the WFL got no further outside mainland USA than Hawaii, and Kapp’s Intercontinental Football League, with six franchises in Europe, never got off the ground, the NFL continued to work with the IFl, and played a game promoted by both in Tokyo, Japan, between the St. Louis Cardinals and San Diego Chargers.

In 1978 a further National Football League game was played in Mexico City between the New Orleans Saints and Philadelphia Eagles. All of these games were preseason games, but they were the first steps towards the regular hosting of NFL games outside of the USA and Canada, which were to lead eventually to the International Series of Regular Season Games held annually in London from 2007 to 2019.

References

Website / Sources

Bibiography

[3] National Football League (2014) 2014 National Football League Record & Factbook. “International Games” pg. 508-509. Published by National Football League and Time Home entertainment, New York, NY.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Louise Wills (Kenny) and John Wills.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 11 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 11, 2020

Intercontinental Football League European Cup 1976

IFL European Cup 1976

	P	W	L	T	PF	PA	Pct
Texas A&I Javelinas (C)	5	5	0	0	96	47	1.000
Henderson State Reddies	5	0	5	0	47	96	.000

Intercontinental Football League European Championship Final Standings 1976 [Ref: 1-2]

Note: the IFL European Cup of 1976 was a 5-game tour by two NAIA Colleges.

Results

Date	Winners		Runners-Up
	Game 1		West Berlin, Germany
01.06.1976	Texas A&I Javelinas	17	Henderson State Reddies	6
	Game 2		Vienna, Austria
03.06.1976	Texas A&I Javelinas	21	Henderson State Reddies	7
	Game 3		Mannheim, Germany
09.06.1976	Texas A&I Javelinas	20	Henderson State Reddies	6
	Game 4		Nuremburg, Germany
13.06.1976	Texas A&I Javelinas	17	Henderson State Reddies	15
	Game 5		Paris, France
17.06.1976	Texas A&I Javelinas	21	Henderson State Reddies	13

Intercontinental Football League European Cup Results 1976 [Ref: 1]

Report

Following on from the National football League and US Air Force games in Europe in 1972 and 1973, and the failed attempt at starting a Professional American Football League in Europe, Bob Kapp continued undeterred with with his attempts to bring American Football to Europe.

The European Cup of 1976 was actually a six-game tour by two NAIA (Junior) Colleges: Texas A&I Javelinas and Henderson State Reddies. The Javelinas won the first game in West Berlin 17-6, and proceeded to win the next four, in Vienna (Austria), Mannheim and Nuremburg (Germany) and Paris, France. the tour lost so much money that the final game of the Cup was cancelled.

The European Championship returned, however in 1977 and 1978, also both tours by American sides.

References

Website / Sources

Bibiography

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Louise Wills (Kenny) and John Wills.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 11 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 11, 2020

Intercontinental Football League 1974-1975

Teams

IFL North	IFL Expansion
Munich Lions (Germany)	Paris Lafayettes (France)
Vienna Lippizaners (Austria)	Cophenhagen Vikings (Denmark)
West Berlin Bears (Germany)	Rotterdam Flying Dutchmen (Netherlands)
IFL South	Milan Centurions (Italy)
Barcelona Almogovares (Spain)
Istanbul Conquerors (Turkey)
Rome Gladiators (Italy)

Intercontinental Football League teams 1974-1975 [Ref: 1-2]

Report

The Intercontinental Football League was the brainchild of Bob Kapp, a Texan who had introduced Professional Soccer to Texas. On seeing the success of the film M*A*S*H in Europe, with its climactic end-sequence featuring an American Football game, he sought to capitalise on the subsequent interest in American Football in the continent. It had been the first time American Football had been seen on the big screen in a mainstream film and audiences were intrigued.

Kapp had enough interest to have sold six franchises by 1973, including Italian Media mogul Bruno Beneck, who had successfully introduced Baseball to Italy, however, the subsequent Oil crisis, and the spectre of Terrorism meant the League never got off the ground. Teams were to have been paired with US Colleges. With no Irish team in the League Notre Dame Fighting Irish were paired with the Rome Gladiators.

The National Football League had also pre-selected four expansion teams: Paris Lafayettes, Cophenhagen Vikings, Rotterdam Flying Dutchmen and Milan Centurions.

It was initially to have played in two divisions, most likely North and South, playing a four-game schedule with a European-style two-game aggregate score Final between the Division winners.

There are four main reasons the IFL failed to take off: Europe wasn’t ready for American Football; Competition with the World Football league (1974-1975) which intended to expand internationally to Mexico City and Tokyo; An NFL players’ strike in the summer on 1974 and the economic recession brought on by the oil crisis.

A final decision to abort the league was taken in a Hotel Room in Hawaii in March 1975, after talks with people in Washington, D.C., and the killer blow, the financial troubles of the Pan-Am Airline which was a major sponsor.

Undeterred Bob Kapp, continued promoting the IFL in Europe, through tours by Colleges and Semi-Pro teams through 1976 to 1978. Bruno Beneck’s Rome Gladiators are still in existence, playing in the Italian League, which was one of the first American Football Leagues in Europe that the IFL gave birth to.

References

Website / Sources

Origins of the WLAF

[2] Tod Maher, The Coffin Corner Volume 14 No. 2, Pro Football Researchers Association (1992) Origins of the WLAF [Internet] Available from: http://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/14-02-455.pdf [Accessed 18 September 2020]

Bibiography

[3] Massimo Foglio with Mark L. Ford (2017), Touchdown in Europe – How American Football Came to the Old Continent. Second Edition “The Trailblazers: Bleu et Rouge, College and Semi-Pro”. pg. 151-188. Published by the Author (2015, 2017)

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Louise Wills (Kenny) and John Wills and Karl & Clive Saab.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 18 September 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 11, 2020

Intercontinental Football League European Championship 1976-1978

IFL European Cup 1976

	P	W	L	T	PF	PA	Pct
Texas A&I Javelinas (C)	5	5	0	0	96	47	1.000
Henderson State Reddies	5	0	5	0	47	96	.000

Intercontinental Football League European Championship Final Standings 1976 [Ref: 1-2]

Note: the IFL European Cup of 1976 was a 5-game tour by two NAIA Colleges.

IFL European Championship 1977

	P	W	L	T	PF	PA	Pct
Newton Nite Hawks (C)	5	5	0	0	126	41	1.000
Chicago Lions	5	0	5	0	41	126	.000

Intercontinental Football League European Championship Final Standings 1977 [Ref: 1-2]

Note: The IFL European Championship of 1977 was a 5-game tour by two Chicagoland League Semi-Pro teams.

IFL European Championship 1978

	P	W	L	T	PF	PA	Pct
Quad Cities Black Hawks (C)	4	4	0	0	95	29	1.000
Indianapolis Capitols	4	0	4	0	29	95	.000

Intercontinental Football League European Championship Final Standings 1978 [Ref: 1-2]

Note: The IFL European Championship of 1978 was a 5-game tour by two Northern States Football League AA Professional Football teams.

Report

In 1970 the film M*A*S*H featured a climactic end-sequence with an American Football game. this was the first ever time an American Football game had been seen on Major TV or Cinema screens in Europe, and started an interest in the American version of Rugby or Football in the continent.

The Intercontinental Football League was set up by Bob Kapp, a Texan who had introduced Professional Soccer to Texas. The intention was to start a Professional American Football League in Europe.

The National Football League had played its first game outside North American between NFL Bleu and NFL rouge in Paris, and the IFL had brought Bruno Beneck, a Media mogul who had successfully introduced Baseball to Italy, and had enough interest to have sold six francises. However, the Oil crisis and the spectre of terrorism in Europe put an end to the League in 1975 before it started.

In the meantime the World Football League had started in the USA with intention of bringing the game to the World. The League played two seasons from 1974 to 1975, although the furthest it got from the American mainland was Hawaii.

The IFL was undeterred, however, and arranged a series of tours by United States College, and Professional teams in Europe. The first Tour was during June 1976 in Germany, Austria and France. The teams were NAIA Colleges (Junior Colleges) Texas A&I Javelinas, who won all five games of the series, and Henderson State College Reddies.

In 1977 the tour featured Semi-Pro teams from the Chicagoland League and the five-game tour visited France, Germany and Austria, and again all five games were won by the same team: Newton Nite Hawks, who defeated Chicago Lions.

The final tour featured AA Professional teams from the Northern States Football League, Quad Cities Black Hawks (who won all five games) and the Indianapolis Capitols. This tour, like the two previous tours, lost a lot of money and Bob Kapp abandoned the venture. However, the long-term impact was the creation of the first teams and Leagues in Germany, Austria, Finland and Italy, one of which, the Dusseldorf Panther, is still in existence. American Football has had a continuous presence in those countries since and has since spread as far as Turkey, Portugal and Iceland.

References

Website / Sources

Bibiography

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Louise Wills (Kenny) and John Wills.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 11 May 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

May 11, 2020

Turkiye Amerikan Futbolu Kurulu TAFK Turkey Tournament 2001

Final Standings

	P	W	L	T	PF	PA
A Group
*Hacettepe Red Deers	4	4	0	0	208	37
*Bogazici Sultans	4	3	1	0	90	63
METU Falcons	4	2	2	0	58	85
Bilkent Judges	4	1	3	0	83	107
Bashkent Knights	4	0	4	0	18	165
B Group
*ITU Hornets	4	4	0	0	208	28
Ankara Cats	4	3	1	0	90	94
Ege Dolphins	4	2	2	0	58	64
Gazi Warriors	4	1	3	0	83	94
Eskisehir Anadolu Rangers	4	0	4	0	18	70

Turkiye Amerikan Futbolu Kurulu Final Standings 2001 [Ref: 1]

Playoff Results

Date	Home Team		Away Team
	Semi-Finals
2001	Hacetteppe Red Deers	67	Ankara Cats	8
2001	ITU Hornets	20	Bogazici Sultans	6
	Final
2001	Hacettepe Red Deers	36	ITU Hornets	30

Turkiye Amerikan Futbolu Kurulu Playoffs 2001 [Ref: 1]

Regular Season Results

Date	Home Team		Away Team
	Week 1
2001	ITU Hornets	22	Gazi Warriors	11
2001	Hacettepe Red Deers	82	Bashkent Knights	0
2001	Bilkent Judges	18	Bogazici Sultans	26
2001	Eskisehir Anadolu Rangers	14	Ankara Cats	20
	Week 2
2001	METU Falcons	0	Hacettepe Red Deers	31
2001	Bilkent Judges	44	Bashkent Knights	12
2001	Eskisehir Anadolu Rangers	12	ITU Hornets	24
2001	Gazi Warriors	0	Ege Dolphins	30
	Week 3
2001	Bilkent Judges	15	Hacettepe Red Deers	50
2001	Bogazici Sultans	42	METU Falcons	0
2001	Ege Dolphins	20	Eskisehir Anadolu Rangers	0
2001	ITU Hornets	24	Ankara Cats	0 #
	Week 3
2001	METU Falcons	20	Bilkent Judges	6
2001	Bogazici Sultans	24	Bashkent Knights	0 #
2001	Ege Dolphins	6	ITU Hornets	30
2001	Ankara Cats	40	Gazi Warriors	28
	Week 4
2001	Bashkent Knights	6	METU Falcons	39
2001	Hacettepe Red Deers	45	Bogazici Sultans	22
2001	Ankara Cats	34	Ege Dolphins	28
2001	Gazi Warriors	24	Eskisehir Anadolu Rangers	0 #

Turkiye Amerikan Futbolu Kurulu Regular Season Results 2001 [Ref: 1]

Report

The Turkish American Football League in 2001 was won by Hacettepe Red Deers 36-30 over ITU Hornets, after they had gone undefeated (4-0 Won-Loss) during the Regular season and defeated Ankara Cats 67-6 in the Playoff Semi-Finals. The Hornets had also gone undefeated during the Regular Season and topped the B Group, before winning 20-6 against the Bogazici sultans in the Semi-Finals.

In all 10 teams entered, divided into two groups, with a four-game regular season. Other teams included the Ege Dolphins, Gazi Warriors, Eskesehir Anadolu Rangers, METU Falcons, Bilkent Judges and Bashkent Knights.

References

Internet Archive

[1] AnkaraCats (2001) Sezon [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20010909121633/http://ankaracats.8m.net/sezon.html [Accessed 11 May 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Karl and Clive Saab.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 11 May 2020