Leinster Rugby | Leinster Junior 2 League 1990-91

Table

  P W D L PF PA Pts

Reference: [1]

Results

Home Team   Away Team  
Week   20 January 1991  
Terenure 9 Monkstown 4
Week   27 January 1991  
Suttonians 13 Old Wesley 6
Blackrock College 28 Ashbourne 13
Garda 0 CYM 13
Seapoint 6 Old Belvedere 16
Week   3 February 1991  
Terenure 8 Barnhall 4

References

Sources

[1] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 21 January 1991. Pg. 20

[2] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 28 January 1991. Pg. 20

[3] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 4 February 1991. Pg. 18

Acknowledgements

 

Thanks to Richard Declan Mulcahy & Vinny Kingston

 

About this document

 

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 31 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Leinster Rugby | Leinster Junior 2 Club 1990-91

Table

  P W D L PF PA Pts

Reference: [1]

Results

Home Team   Away Team  
Week   6 January 1991  
Blackrock College 30 North Kildare 3
New Ross 3 Enniscorthy 0
Rathdrum 4 Tallaght 24
St. Mary’s 24 Old Wesley 12
Malahide 20 Balbriggan 3
Week   13 January 1991  
Arklow 0 Greystones 24
Carlow 13 Portarlington 6
Longford 12 Athboy 12
Gorey 10 Wicklow 0
Wexford 4 Athy 14
Blackrock College 34 Rathdrum 3
Monkstown 16 Old Wesley 11
Week   20 January 1991  
Arklow 4 Carlow 15
Cill Dara 13 Portlaoise 4
Enniscorthy 0 Wexford 10
Gorey 13 Old Belvedere 17
Portarlington 14 Tullow 0
Rathdrum 4 Trinity 11
St. Mary’s 10 Blackrock 16
Athy 15 Athlone 3
Week   27 January 1991  
Drogheda 0 Seapoint 13
Kilkenny 0 Athy 3
Longford 11 Portlaoise 16
Navan 12 Bective 12
New Ross 12 Wicklow 24
North Kildare 0 Enniscorthy 15
Portarlington 26 Mullingar 12
Rathdrum 6 Carlow 16
Tullamore 7 Cill Dara 6
Tullow 16 Old Kilcullen 10
Week   3 February 1991  
Ashbourne 9 Ardee 0
Birr 0 Tullow 4
Carlow 7 Athy 15
Cill Dara 4 Roscrea 6
Clondalkin 20 Old Wesley 9
Curragh 12 Kilkenny 10
DLSP 9 Bective 6
Dundalk 34 Dundalk J3 0
Mullingar 4 Athboy 3
Naas 13 Edenderry 19
New Ross 9 Arklow 8
Old Belvedere 32 Greystones 4
Old Kilcullen 8 Gorey 17
Portlaoise 10 Garryowen 24
Tullamore 14 Navan 22
Wicklow 20 Greystones 17
Wanderers 14 Monkstown 4
Enniscorthy 12 Tullow 0
UCD 24 Paris Chamber of Commerce 0
Blackrock 14 Seapoint 4

References

Sources

[1] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 7 January 1991. Pg. 20

[2] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 14 January 1991. Pg. 20

[3] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 21 January 1991. Pg. 20

[4] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 28 January 1991. Pg. 20

[5] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 4 February 1991. Pg. 18

Acknowledgements

 

Thanks to Richard Declan Mulcahy & Vinny Kingston

 

About this document

 

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 31 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Leinster Rugby | Leinster Junior 1 League 1990-91

Table

  P W D L PF PA Pts

Reference: [1]

Results

Home Team   Away Team  
Week   13 January 1991  
Clontarf 21 Portlaoise 6
DLSP 11 Wexford 11
Greystones 16 North Kildare 6
Skerries 8 Gorey 6
Terenure 29 Wicklow 17
UCD 14 Curragh 0
Arklow 24 Old Kilcullen 12
Carlow 4 Ashbourne 6
Athy Monkstown
Birr Trinity
Enniscorthy CYM
Drogheda Landsdowne
Kilkenny Blackrock
Longford St. Mary’s
Tullamore Tullow
Week   20 January 1991  
Athy 0 Monkstown 0
Carlow 27 Mullingar 3
DLSP 10 Dundalk 18
Enniscorthy 16 CYM 14
Longford 13 St. Mary’s 6
Navan 12 Bective 14
North Kildare 3 Tullamore 18
Week   27 January 1991  
St. Mary’s 31 Mullingar 0
Old Wesley 15 Navan 3
Enniscorthy 0 UCD 6

References

Sources

[1] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 14 January 1991. Pg. 20

[2] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 21 January 1991. Pg. 20

[3] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 28 January 1991. Pg. 20

Acknowledgements

 

Thanks to Richard Declan Mulcahy & Vinny Kingston

 

About this document

 

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 31 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Leinster Rugby | Leinster Junior 1 Club 1990-91

Table

  P W D L PF PA Pts

Reference: [1]

Results

Home Team   Away Team  
Week   6 January 1991  
Ashbourne 34 Athlone 0
Bective 32 Skerries 0
Carlow 4 Thurles 3
Clontarf 21 Greystones 21
Enniscorthy 4 Wicklow 3
Monkstown 8 Wanderers 20
Naas 29 CYM 10
New Ross 12 Gorey 3
North Kildare 3 Athy 12
Suttonians 15 Old Kilcullen 19
Terenure 28 UCD 8
Old Wesley 34 Kilkenny 6
Week   13 January 1991  
Bective 3 Garda 9
Old Wesley 32 Suttonians 4
Week   20 January 1991  
Blackrock 32 Railway 3
Birr 4 Tullow 22
Trinity 30 Skerries 13
Gorey 6 Greystones 10
Old Kilcullen 25 New Ross 0
Ashbourne 21 Portlaoise 3
UCD 13 Seapoint 10
Week   27 January 1991  
Arklow 22 Sligo 0
Blackrock 22 Carlow 6
DLSP 12 Landsdowne 18
New Ross 6 Wicklow 10
Portlaoise 10 Edenderry 7
Terenure 15 Old Belvedere 26
Tullamore 4 Old Kilcullen 0
Tullow 23 Wexford 0
Wanderers 0 Trinity 3
Monkstown 13 Clontarf 19
Week   3 February 1991  
Ashbourne 32 Naas 6
Birr 4 Portarlington 18
DLSP 6 Terenure 32
Trinity 22 Bective 20
Landsdowne 12 St. Mary’s 11
New Ross 0 Athy 23
North Kildare 7 Monkstown 30
Railway 6 CYM 10
Roscrea 4 Portlaoise 26
Suttonians 11 Dundalk 22
Wicklow 6 Seapoint 6
Wexford 3 Kilkenny 9
Old Kilcullen 11 Ballinroe 9
Mullingar 12 Drogheda 3
Blackrock 10 Old Wesley 3
Gorey 4 Arklow 4

Reference: [1][2][3][4]

References

Sources

[1] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 7 January 1991. Pg. 20

[2] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 14 January 1991. Pg. 20

[3] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 21 January 1991. Pg. 20

[4] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 28 January 1991. Pg. 20

[5] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 4 February 1991. Pg. 18

Acknowledgements

 

Thanks to Richard Declan Mulcahy & Vinny Kingston

 

About this document

 

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 31 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Leinster Rugby | Leinster Senior League 1990-91

Table

 PWDLPFPAPts
Blackrock College87012026814
Clontarf87011906014
Monkstown8512898011
Dublin University8413110959
Old Belvedere8404801178
Skerries8305831196
Bective Rangers82151041305
UCD8215971695
DLSP8008581630

Reference: [1]

Results

Home Team Away Team 
Week 27 January 1991 
Bective18Skerries6

References

Sources

[1] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 28 January 1991. Pg. 20

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Richard Declan Mulcahy & Vinny Kingston

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 31 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Connacht Rugby | Connacht Senior League 1990-91

Results

Home Team Away Team 
Week 6 January 1991 
Galwegians15Sligo3
Westport9Ballina12
Week 13 January 1991 
Galwegians22Ballinasloe6
Week 27 January 1991 
Galwegians25Ballina6

References

Sources

[1] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 7 January 1991. Pg. 20

[2] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 14 January 1991. Pg. 20

[3] Anon. (1991) “The A-Z of Weekend Sport | Rugby” Irish Independent. Monday, 28 January 1991. Pg. 20

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Richard Declan Mulcahy & Vinny Kingston

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 31 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Australian Rules Fotball League of Ireland | Premiership 2001

Australian Rules Football League of Ireland 2001 Header Logo

Final Ladder

PWDLPFPAPts
*Leeside Lions650121
*Dublin Demons630315
Drogheda Dockers / Belfast Redbacks621313
Midland Tigers611410

Reference: [1]

Grand Final

DateHome TeamAway Team
Grand Final
Leeside LionsWDublin DemonsL

Reference: [2]

Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Week 1
16.06.01Dockers/Redbacks3.4 (22)Dublin Demons2.4 (16)
Week 2
23.06.01Leeside Lions3.8 (26)Dublin Demons2.7 (19)
Week 3
14.07.01Dublin Demons8.8 (56)Dockers/Redbacks6.2 (38)
14.07.01Leeside Lions15.07 (97)Midland Tigers9.6 (60)
Week 4
21.07.01Leeside Lions14.13 (97)Dockers/Redbacks5.4 (34)
Week 5
28.07.01Dockers/RedbacksWMidland TigersL
28.07.01Leeside Lions6.3 (31)Dublin Demons12.11 (83)
Week 6
11.08.01Dockers/Redbacks7.9 (51)Leeside Lions12.10 (82)
11.08.01Midland Tigers8.14 (62)Dublin Demons10.8 (68)
Week 7
25.08.01Midland Tigers13.12 (90)Leeside Lions12.25 (97)
Week 8
08.09.01Dublin Demons11.8 (94)Midland Tigers12.15 (87)
Week 9
15.09.01Midland TigersDDockers/RedbacksD

References:

Internet Archive

[1] Australian Rules Football League of Ireland | Internet Archive (2002) ARFLI Premiership Results 2001 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20020525173559/http://arfli.com/ [Accessed 14 April 2017 ]



Websites:

[2] Australian Rules Football League of Ireland (2006) History [Internet] Available from: http://www.arfli.com/history[Accessed 19 March 2018]



Images

[3] Australian Rules Football League of Ireland | Internet Archive (2002) ARFLI Logo [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20021209095659im_/http://www.arfli.com/images/header.jpg [Accessed 30 July 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Richard Conville, Conor Lynch & Conor McGroarty

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 30 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Dublin Indoor Sports | Mixed 6-a-side Netball Monday Season 1 2017

Dublin Indoor Sports Logo

 

Final League Table

 

  P W D L GF GA Pts
*Phoenix 11 8 1 2     73
*Hawks 11 6 1 4     69
*The Gems 11 3 2 6     66
Lemonpops 11 1 4 6     65

 

2 Pts Win / 1 Pt Draw / 0 Pts Loss / 5 Pts Fielding

Semis & Finals

 

Date Team 1   Team 2  
  Semi-Final      
24 Apr 2017 Hawks   The Gems  
  Final      
24 Apr 2017 Phoenix   Winner Semi-Final  

 

Results

 

Date Team 1   Team 2  
  Week 2      
6 Feb 2017 The Gems 28 Phoenix 29
6 Feb 2017 Lemonpops / Drop-Ins 16 Hawks 16
  Week 3      
13 Feb 2017 Hawks 26 The Gems 23
13 Feb 2017 Lemon Pops /Drop-Ins 16 Phoenix 16
  Week 4      
20 Feb 2017 Hawks 34 Phoenix 53
20 Feb 2017 Lemonpops / Drop-Ins 16 The Gems 16
  Week 5      
27 Feb 2017 The Gems 46 Phoenix 44
27 Feb 2017 Lemonpops 31 Hawks 52
  Week 9      
27 Mar 2017 Hawks 26 The Gems 13
27 Mar 2017 Lemonpops 30 Phoenix 67
  Week 10      
3 Apr 2017 Hawks 67 Phoenix 50
3 Apr 2017 Lemonpops 36 The Gems 40

 

Home Venues

 

Team Home Court
All Teams St. Joseph’s (Monday Nights)

 

Websites

 

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) Weekly Results – Netball – Monday – Wk2/S1 [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballresults.php [Accessed 10 February 2017]

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) Weekly Results – Netball – Monday – Wk3/S1 [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballresults.php [Accessed 17 February 2017]

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) Weekly Results – Netball – Monday – Wk4/S1 [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballresults.php [Accessed 26 February 2017]

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) Weekly Results – Netball – Monday – Wk5/S1 [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballresults.php [Accessed 3 March 2017]

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) Weekly Results – Netball – Monday – Wk9/S1 [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballresults.php [Accessed 1 April 2017]

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) Weekly Results – Netball – Monday – Wk10/S1 [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballresults.php [Accessed 7 April 2017]

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) Weekly Points [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballpoints.php [Accessed 14 April 2017]

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) This Week’s Fixtures [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballhome.php [Accessed 21 April 2017]

 

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Ruth Foy & Caoimhe Foy

About this document

 

Researched, compiled and written by by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 30 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Dublin Indoor Sports | Monday 6-a-side Mixed Netball 2014-2017

Dublin Indoor Sports Logo

Dublin Indoor Sports 6-a-Side Mixed Netball Monday 2014

 

  P W D L GF GA Pts
Phoenix 6 6 0 0     35
Multiple Scoregasms 6 3 0 3     31
Stoneybatter Shakers 6 2 2 2     25
Hawks 6 2 0 4     25
Bouncers 6 5 0 1     16

 

Table as at 4 November 2014

Dublin Indoor Sports 6-a-Side Mixed Netball Monday 2015

 

  P W D L GF GA Pts
Phoenix 2 2 0 0     12
Subway Sandys 2 1 0 1     10
Multiple Scoregasms 2 1 0 1     10
Hawks 2 0 0 2     8
Bouncers 2 2 0 0     6

 

Table as at 12 February 2015

Dublin Indoor Sports 6-a-Side Netball Monday Season 1 2016

 

  P W D L GF GA Pts
Hawks 9 6 0 2     51
Phoenix 9 5 1 2     50
Subway Sandys 9 6 1 1     49
The Gems 9 5 0 3     49
The Diamonds 9 1 0 7     41

 

Table as at 14 April 2016

Dublin Indoor Sports 6-a-Side Netball Monday Season 1 2017

 

  P W D L GF GA Pts
*Phoenix 11 8 1 2     73
*Hawks 11 6 1 4     69
*The Gems 11 3 2 6     66
Lemonpops 11 1 4 6     65

 

2 Pts Win / 1 Pt Draw / 0 Pts Loss / 5 Pts Fielding

Semi-Final      
Hawks   The Gems  
Final      
Phoenix   Winner Semi-Final  

 

Websites

 

Wayback Machine Web Archive (2014) Netball Points – Weekly Points [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20141104152528/http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballpoints.php [Accesssed 16 April 2017]

Wayback Machine Web Archive (2015) Netball Points – Weekly Points [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20150212004502/http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballpoints.php [Accesssed 16 April 2017]

Wayback Machine Web Archive (2016) Netball Points – Weekly Points [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20160414161543/http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballpoints.php [Accesssed 16 April 2017]

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) Netball Points – Weekly Points [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballpoints.php [Accessed 14 April 2017]

Dublin Indoor Sports (2017) This Week’s Fixtures [Internet] Available from: http://dublinindoorsports.ie/netballhome.php [Accessed 21 April 2017]

 

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Ruth Foy & Caoimhe Foy

About this document

 

Researched, compiled and written by by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 30 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Australian Rules Football League of Ireland Premiership 2000-2004

Australian Rules Football league of Ireland Header Logo 2001 [8]

ARFLI 2000

PWLTPFPAPts
Dublin Demons32109
Belfast Redbacks31206

Reference: Compiled from [1]

ARFLI 2001

PWLTPFPAPts
Leeside Lions650121
Dublin Demons630315
Drogheda Dockers / Belfast Redbacks621313
Midland Tigers611410

Reference: [2]

Grand Final
Leeside LionsWDublin DemonsL

Reference: [1]

ARFLI 2002

PWLTPFPAFPPts
*Leeside Lions5500520
*Dublin Demons5401517
*South Dublin Eagles5302514
*Midland Tigers510458
Limerick Saints / Clare Crows510236
Belfast Redbacks510314

Reference: [3]

Semi-Finals
South Dublin Eagles6.11 (47)Dublin Demons11.11 (78)
Final
Leeside LionsDublin Demons

Reference: [3]

ARFLI 2003

PWTLPFPAPts
*South Dublin Eagles1070314
*Leeside Lions1070314
*Belfast Redbacks1070314
*Clare Crows1060412
Dublin Demons102084
Midland Tigers101092

Reference: [4]

Semi-Finals
South Dublin Eagles 17.6 (108)Dublin Demons7-14 (56)
Leeside LionsWClare CrowsL
Grand Final
South Dublin EaglesLeeside Lions

Reference:

ARFLI 2004

 PWTLPFPAPts
*South Dublin Eagles10901  18
*Leeside Lions1070364140014
*Dublin Demons10703  14
*Clare Crows10505  10
Midland Tigers10208  4
Belfast Redbacks #1000100250-10

Reference: [5]

 Semi-Finals   
05.09.04Dublin Demons18.11 (119)Leeside Lions4.6 (30)
05.09.04South Dublin Eagles6.15 (51)Clare Crows3.13 (31)
 Final   
19.09.04South Dublin Eagles12.9 (81)Dublin Demons9.5 (69)

Reference: [6-7]

References:

Websites:

[1] Australian Rules Football League of Ireland (2006) History [Internet] Available from: http://www.arfli.com/history[Accessed 19 March 2018]

Internet Archive

[2] Australian Rules Football League of Ireland | Internet Archive (2002) ARFLI Premiership Results 2001 [Internet] Available from:https://web.archive.org/web/20020525173559/http://arfli.com/ [Accessed 14 April 2017 ]

[3] Australian Rules Football League of Ireland | Internet Archive (2002)ARFLI Premiership 2002 [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20021125211118/http://arfli.com/[Accessed 30 March 2017]

[4] Australian Rules Football League of Ireland | Internet Archive (2003) Welcome to the Official Website of the Australian Rules Football League of Ireland [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20031008201555/http://arfli.com/ [Accessed 30 March 2017]

[5] Australian Rules Football League of Ireland | Internet Archive (2004) Australian Rules Football League of Ireland Ladder [Internet] Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20041220134418/http://arfli.com/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=32 [Accessed 30 March 2017]

Sources

[6] Anon. (2004) Scoreboard Australian Rules Irish Examiner Monday, September 6, 2004. pg. 26-27.

[7] Anon. (2004) Scoreboard Australian Rules Irish Examiner Monday, September 20, 2004. pg. 26-27.



Images

[8] Australian Rules Football League of Ireland | Internet Archive (2002) ARFLI Header [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20021209095659im_/http://www.arfli.com/images/header.jpg [Accessed 30 July 2019]



Acknowledgements

Thanks to Richard Conville, Conor Lynch & Conor McGroarty

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 30 July 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.