Category: International Rugby Board

IRB Rugby World Cup Americas Zone Qualifying 1998-1999

IRB Rugby world Cup Logo [References: 2]

Round D Table

RWC 1999 Americas Zone Qualifying Round DPWDLPFPAPts
Argentina (Q)3300161529
Canada (Q)320197837
USA (Q)310259995
Uruguay3003311143
[References: 2]

Round D Results

Home TeamAway Team
Argentina52USA24
Canada38Uruguay15
Uruguay0Argentina55
Canada31USA14
Uruguay16USA21
Canada28Argentina54
[References: 2]

Round C Table

RWC 1999 Americas Zone Qualifying Round CPWDLPFPAPts
Uruguay (P)220063176
Chile210168264
Paraguay20029972
[References: 2]

Round C Results

Home TeamAway Team
Chile54Paraguay6
Uruguay20Chile14
Paraguay3Uruguay43
[References: 2]

Round B Table

RWC 1999 Americas Zone QualifyingPWDLPFPAPts
Chile (P)2200103146
Bermuda210160744
Trinidad & Tobago20029972
[References: 2]

Round B Results

Home TeamAway Team
Trinidad & Tobago6Chile35
Bermuda52Trinidad & Tobago6
Chile68Bermuda8
[References: 2]

Round A Tables

RWC 1999 Americas Zone Qualifying Round APWDLPFPAPts
Round A – Group 1
Trinidad & Tobago (P)22004106
Brazil21010414
Guyana2002000
Round A – Group 2
Bermuda (P)22007666
Bahamas210140474
Barbados200226892
[References: 2]

Round A Results

Home TeamAway Team
Round A – Group 1
Trinidad & Tobago41Brazil0
Brazilw/oGuyanascr.
Guyanascr.Trinidad & Tobagow/o
Round A – Group 2
Barbados23Bahamas37
Bermuda52Barbados3
Bahamas3 Bermuda24
[References: 2]

Entrants and Byes to Rounds

RoundCountries (Bye to Round)
Round DArgentina, Canada, USA
Round CUruguay, Paraguay
Round BChile
Round ATrinidad & Tobago, Bermuda, Brazil, Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana
[References: 2]

Report

There were no big shocks in the 1999 Rugby World Cup Americas Zone qualifying with seeded teams Argentina, Canada and USA qualifying for the Finals out of Round D ahead of Uruguay who had progressed to Round D. The 12 Countries were seeded into one of four Rounds, with 6 countries starting in Round A, from which Trinidad & Tobago and Bermuda progressed from the two groups. The Caribbean Island which shares St. Patrick’s Day as its National Holiday, Barbados (virtually all Barbadians are descendents of Irish and African slaves), lost both their matches to Bahamas (23-37) and Bermuda (3-52). Round B saw Chile progess to Round C, where they made a minor shock in defeating Paraguay, but it was Uruguay who progessed with a 20-14 defeat of the Chileans. Round D opened with Argentina winning big over USA and Canada defeating Uruguay. The only close mzatch in Round D was USA’s 21-16 win over Uruguay in the 3rd Round of matches which decided the third team to go through to the Finals along with Round winners Argentina and Runners-Up Canada. Uruguay Qualified for the Repechage.

References

Images

[1] DW Design & Print (2019) 1999 [Internet] Available from: https://www.dwdesignandprint.co.uk/images/2019/10/24/1999.jpg [Accessed 4 September 2020]

Bibliography

[2] Smith, Bruce (1999) “The Qualifying Tournament: Americas Zone” Rugby World Cup 1999 Pocket Guide. Pg. 200-201. Collins Willow, Glasgow. 1999.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Richard Declan Mulcahy, Nora Mulcahy & Vinny Kingston

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 28 March 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

IRB Rugby World Cup Pacific Zone Qualifying 1998-1999

IRB Rugby World Cup 1999 Logo [References: 2]

Round C Table

RWC Pacific Zone Qualifying 1999 Round CPWDLPFPAPts
Australia (Q) 3300165339
Fiji (Q)320178996
Western Samoa (Q)310259713
Tonga3003351340
[References: 2]

Round C Results

Home TeamAway Team
Western Samoa28Tonga20
Australia66Fiji20
Fiji26Western Samoa18
Australia74Tonga0
Australia25Western Samoa13
Fiji32Tonga15
[References: 2]

Round B Table

RWC Pacific Zone Qualifying Round BPWDLPFPAPts
Fiji (P)220073176
Tonga (P)210178324
Cook Islands2002191210
[References: 2]

Round B Results

Home TeamAway Team
Fiji20Tonga10
Cook Islands7Fiji53
Tonga68Cook Islands12
[References: 2]

Round A Table

RWC Pacific Zone Qualifying 1999 Round APWDLPFPAPts
Cook Islands (P)220062196
Papua New Guinea2101111284
Tahiti200261320
[References: 2]

Round A Results

Home TeamAway Team
Cook Islands22Papua New Guinea19
Papua New Guinea92Tahiti6
Tahiti0Cook Islands40
[References: 2]

Entrants and Byes To Rounds

CountryBye To Round
AustraliaRound C
Western SamoaRound C
FijiRound B
TongaRound B
Cook IslandsRound A
Papua New GuineaRound A
TahitiRound A
[References: 2]

Report

Australia, Fiji and Westen Samoa qualified for the 1999 Rugby World Cup from the Pacific Zone Qualifying Tournaments, with Tonga Qualifying for the Repechage. The Pacific Zone began with Cook Islands progressing from Round A ahead of Papua New Guinea and Tahiti. Round B was straightforward with the seeded teams Fiji and Tonga progessing at the expense of Cook islands. The Final Qualifying Round saw Australia gain big wins over Fiji and Tonga, but struggle against Western Samoa, only winning 25-13. They qualified along with Fiji who had a shock win over Western Samoa to finish second and the Samoans who took the third qualifying spot with a 28-20 victory over Tonga.

References

Images

[1] DW Design & Print (2019) 1999 [Internet] Available from: https://www.dwdesignandprint.co.uk/images/2019/10/24/1999.jpg [Accessed 4 September 2020]

Bibliography

[2] Smith, Bruce (1999) “The Qualifying Tournament: Asia Zone” Rugby World Cup 1999 Pocket Guide. Pg. 202-203. Collins Willow, Glasgow. 1999.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Richard Declan Mulcahy, Nora Mulcahy & Vinny Kingston

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 28 March 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

IRB Rugby World Cup Asia Zone Qualifying 1998-1999

IRB Rugby World Cup 1999 Logo [References: 1[

Round C Table

RWC 1999 Asia Zone Qualifying Round CPWDLPFPAPts
Japan (Q)3300221259
South Korea3102104812
Chinese Taipei3102572272
Hong Kong310239882
[References: 2]

Round C Results

Home TeamAway Team
Chinese Taipei6Japan134
Chinese Taipei21South Korea81
Chinese Taipei30Hong Kong12
Hong Kong7Japan47
Hong Kong20South Korea11
South Korea12Japan40
[References: 2[

Round B Table

RWC 1999 Asia Zone Qualifying Round BPWDLPFPAPts
Chinese Taipei (P)220085406
Sri Lanka210164494
Malaysia200228880
[References: 2]

Round B Results

Home TeamAway Team
Malaysia15Sri Lanka37
Chinese Taipei51Malaysia13
Sri Lanka27Chinese Taipei31
[References: 2]

Round A Table

RWC 1999 Asia Zone Qualifying Round APWDLFAPts
Sri Lanka (P)220048304
Thailand210131412
Singapore200226340
[References: 2]

Round A Results

Home TeamAway Team
Singapore11Thailand16
Thailand15Sri Lanka30
Sri Lanka18Singapore15
[References: 2]

Byes to Rounds B and C

TeamBye to Round
JapanRound C
Hong KongRound C
South KoreaRound C
Chinese TaipeiRound B
MalaysiaRound B
[References: 2]

Report

The Seven Asia Zone Qualifying teams played three Rounds to decide the team to represent Asia at the 1999 Rugby World Cup. Sri Lanka progressed from Round A after wins over Thailand and Singapore, and in Round B nearly pulled off a shock, defeating Malaysia and narrowly losing (27-31) to Chinese Taipei, who went through to Round C having won convincingly over Malaysia. There they met Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong, and despite a shock win over Hong Kong were completely outclassed by both South Korea and Japan, losing 6-134 to the latter in the biggest score and highest margin of victory in the qualifying tournament. Japan went on to Qualify with easy wins over Hong Kong and South Korea, who despite losing to Hong Kong went through to the Repechage Tournament by virtue of their 81-21 win over Chinese Taipei.

References

Images

[1] DW Design & Print (2019) 1999 [Internet] Available from: https://www.dwdesignandprint.co.uk/images/2019/10/24/1999.jpg [Accessed 4 September 2020]

Bibliography

[2] Smith, Bruce (1999) “The Qualifying Tournament: Asia Zone” Rugby World Cup 1999 Pocket Guide. Pg. 202-203. Collins Willow, Glasgow. 1999.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Richard Declan Mulcahy, Nora Mulcahy & Vinny Kingston

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 28 March 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Women’s 6 Nations Rugby Championship 2017-2020

Guinness Women’s 6 Nations Logo [References: 1]

Women’s Six Nations 2017

Women’s Six Nations 2017PWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)5500216354024
Ireland540181692018
France5302145633116
Scotland520344167019
Wales510460137026
Italy500543118011
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2018

Women’s Six Nations 2018PWDLPFPATBLBPts
France (C)5500163234024
England5401187444121
Ireland520379921110
Italy5203671271110
Scotland510455125015
Wales510448164015
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2019

Women’s Six Nations 2019PWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)5500278455025
Italy5311911043017
France53021781024016
Wales5212591261011
Ireland510478156217
Scotland500537188011
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2020

6 Nations Women 2020PWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)5500219204024
France4211211422113
Ireland430170602013
Italy410336135104
Scotland30122784012
Wales400434166011
[References: 2]

Report

After the highs of winning the 6 Nations Rugby Union Championship in 2013 and 2015, Ireland’s Women finished runners-up to England in 2017, then third in 2018, with a big drop to fifth in 2019, their worst performance in over a decade, before recovering in 2020 to again finish third on points difference behind France.

References

Logos

[1] 6 Nations Rugby (2020) Logo_better_res-3 [Internet] Available from: https://d2cx26qpfwuhvu.cloudfront.net/sixnations/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/06221720/Logo_better_res-3.png [Accessed 21 November 2020]

Websites

[2] 6 Nations Rugby (2020) Women’s 6 Nations Historic Tables [2007-2020] [Internet] Available from: https://www.sixnationsrugby.com/women/historic-womens-six-nations-tables/  [Accessed 28 March 2021]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Sarah Masterson.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 28 March 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Womens 6 Nations Rugby Championship 2007-2016

Guinness Women’s 6 Nations Logo [References: 1]

Women’s Six Nations 2007

Women’s Six NationsPWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)5500183120010
France54019575008
Wales53024450006
Ireland52035073004
Scotland510442112002
Italy500535127000
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2008

Women’s Six Nations 2008PWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)5500213180010
Wales54017276008
France530210472006
Ireland52036665004
Italy510448167002
Scotland500539144000
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2009

Women’s Six Nations 2009PWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)540123752008
Wales54019469008
Ireland53028864006
France53027886006
Scotland510438161002
Italy500557160000
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2010

Women’s Six Nations 2010PWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)5500150160010
France53029747006
Ireland53026952006
Scotland511331108003
Italy511344129003
Wales510449105000
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2011

Women’s Six Nations 2011PWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)550022380010
France540111351008
Ireland52037470004
Wales52036472004
Italy520368130004
Scotland500520231000
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2012

Women’s Six Nations 2012PWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)5500161120010
France54019722008
Ireland530210941006
Wales520350113004
Italy510455157002
Scotland500512139000
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2013

Women’s Six Nations 2013PWDLPFPATBLBPts
Ireland (C)550088260010
France530216048006
England530215071006
Wales52035579004
Italy52033368004
Scotland50053203000
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2014

Women’s Six Nations 2014PWDLPFPATBLBPts
France (C)5500162210010
England540114531008
Ireland530213732006
Italy520357108004
Wales51044588002
Scotland50055261000
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2015

Women’s Six Nations 2015PWDLPFPATBLBPts
Ireland (C)540113926008
France540111344008
Italy53028294006
England520310465004
Wales52036473004
Scotland500527227000
[References: 2]

Women’s Six Nations 2016

Women’s Six Nations 2016PWDLPFPATBLBPts
France (C)540110628008
England540111063008
Ireland53029549006
Wales52036175004
Italy520365105004
Scotland500529146000
[References: 2]

Report

Ireland’s best ever performances in the Women’s Six Nations Rugby came when winning the Championship in 2013 and 2015. In 2013 Ireland won all five matches finishing four points ahead of both France and England. The 2015 Championship was the most competitive, with four points separating the top five countries, Ireland winning on points difference from France after both finished on 8 points. Ireland had been steadily improving, having finished fourth in both 2007 and 2008, the Irish Women then came third four years running from 2009 to 2012 before their big triumph in 2013. In 2014 it was back to third, and again in 2016 after victory in the 2015 Championship. Try and Losing Bonus Bonus Points were brought in from 2017 onwards, with double the amount of points for a win or draw.

References

Logos

[1] 6 Nations Rugby (2020) Logo_better_res-3 [Internet] Available from: https://d2cx26qpfwuhvu.cloudfront.net/sixnations/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/06221720/Logo_better_res-3.png [Accessed 21 November 2020]

Websites

[2] 6 Nations Rugby (2020) Women’s 6 Nations Historic Tables [2007-2020] [Internet] Available from: https://www.sixnationsrugby.com/women/historic-womens-six-nations-tables/  [Accessed 28 March 2021]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Sarah Masterson.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 28 March 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Guinness 6 Nations 2021

Guinness 6 Nations Logo [References: 1]

Table

6 Nations 2020PWDLPFPATBLBPts
Wales54011641033120
France53021401032216
Ireland5302136881215
Scotland5302130911215
England52031121211110
Italy500555239000
[References: 2]

Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Round 1
06.02.2021Italy10France50
06.02.2021England6Scotland11
07.02.2021Wales21Ireland16
Round 2
13.02.2021England41Italy18
13.02.2021Scotland24Wales25
14.02.2021Ireland13France15
Round 3
27.02.2021Italy10Ireland48
27.02.2021Wales40England24
28.02.2021France23Scotland27
Round 4
13.02.2021Italy7Wales48
13.02.2021England23France20
14.02.2021Scotland24Ireland27
Round 5
20.02.2021Scotland52Italy10
20.02.2021Ireland32England18
27.02.2021France32Wales30
[References: 3]

Report

Despite a bad start to the Guinness 6 Nations in 2021 losing their first two matches narrowly to Wales (16-21) and France (13-15) Ireland recovered well with a 48-10 victory over Italy giving the confidence to go on and defeat both Scotland (27-24) and then finish off with a big 32-18 win over England.

References

Logos

[1] Guinness 6 Nations (2020) GUINNESS_SIX_NATIONS_LANDSCAPE_STACKED_RGB [Internet] Available from: https://d2cx26qpfwuhvu.cloudfront.net/sixnations/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/09121742/GUINNESS_SIX_NATIONS_LANDSCAPE_STACKED_RGB.png [Accessed 21 November 2020]

Websites

[2] Guinness 6 Nations (2021) Table [Internet] Available from: https://www.sixnationsrugby.com/table/ [Accessed 28 January 2021][Last Accessed 28 March 2021]

[3] Guinness 6 Nations (2021) Fixtures [Internet] Available from: https://www.sixnationsrugby.com/fixtures/ [Accessed 28 January 2021][Last Accessed 28 March 2021]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Malcolm O’Kelly.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 28 March 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Guinness 6 Nations Rugby Women 2020

Guinness Women’s 6 Nations Logo [References: 1]

Final Table

6 Nations Women 2020PWDLPFPATBLBPts
England (C)5500219204027
France4211211422113
Ireland430170602013
Italy410336135104
Scotland30122784012
Wales400434166011
[References: 2]

Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Round 1
02.02.2020France13England19
02.02.2020Ireland18Scotland14
02.02.2020Wales15Italy19
Round 2
08.02.2020France45Italy10
09.02.2020Ireland31Wales12
10.02.2020Scotland0England53
Round 3
23.02.2020Wales0France50
23.02.2020England27Ireland0
06.12.2020ItalycScotlandc
Round 4
07.03.2020England38Wales7
24.10.2020Ireland21Italy7
25.10.2020Scotland13France13
Round 5
01.11.2020FrancecIrelandc
01.11.2020WalescScotlandc
01.11.2020Italy26England54
[Reference: 3]

Report

England won the Guinness Women’s 6 Nations in 2020, with five wins from five matches. Although interrupted by the COVID-19 Pandemic, England managed to complete all their fixtures, the only country to do so. Ireland finished in joint second with 13 points, level with France, although their deciding match for second place was cancelled. Ireland won 3 of their four matches played, losing 27-0 to England in Round 3, but gaining wins over Scotland (18-14), Wales (31-12) and Italy (21-7).

References

Logos

[1] 6 Nations Rugby (2020) Logo_better_res-3 [Internet] Available from: https://d2cx26qpfwuhvu.cloudfront.net/sixnations/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/06221720/Logo_better_res-3.png [Accessed 21 November 2020]

Websites

[2] 6 Nations Rugby (2020) Women’s 6 Nations Full Table [Internet] Available from:  https://www.sixnationsrugby.com/women/womens-table/ [Accessed 28 January 2021]

[3] 6 Nations Rugby (2020) Fixtures-Results [Internet] Available from: https://www.sixnationsrugby.com/women/womens-fixtures-results/ [Accessed 28 January 2021]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Sarah Masterson.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 28 January 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2018-2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

International Rugby Board Autumn Nations Cup 2020

Autumn Nations Cup 2020 Logo [Reference: 1]
Autumn Nations Cup 2020 Logo [Reference: 1]

Final Standings

PlaceAutumn Nations Cup 2020PWDLPFPA
1England440010439
2France430110542
3Ireland43019353
4Scotland42028770
5Wales42027874
6Italy410368102
7Fiji410338108
8Georgia400434119
International Rugby Board Autumn Nations Cup 2020 [Reference: Compiled from 2 and 3]

Finals

DateHome TeamAway Team
7th/8th Place
05.12.2020Georgia24Fiji38
5th/6th Place
05.12.2020Wales38Italy18
3rd/4th Place
05.12.2020Ireland31Scotland16
Final
06.12.2020England22France19
International Rugby Board Autumn Nations Cup Finals 2020 [Reference: 3]

Tables

Autumn Nations CupPWDLPFPATF-TATB-LBPts
Group A
England3300822010-21-013
Ireland320162375-30-08
Wales310240563-40-04
Georgia300310811-100-00
Group B
France3300862010-12-014
Italy310250646-91-05
Scotland320171398-22-111
Fiji30030840-120-00
International Rugby Board Autumn Nations Cup Table 2020 [Reference: 2]

Group Results

DateHome TeamAway Team
Group A
13.11.2020Ireland32Wales9
14.11.2020England40Georgia0
21.11.2020England18Ireland7
21.11.2020Wales18Georgia0
28.11.2020Wales13England24
29.11.2020Ireland23Georgia10
Group B
14.11.2020Italy17Scotland28
15.11.2020France28Fiji0
21.11.2020Italy28Fiji0
22.11.2020Scotland15France22
28.11.2020Scotland28Fiji0
28.11.2020France36Italy5
International Rugby Board Autumn Nations Cup Group Results 2020 [Reference: 3]

Report

Ireland began the Autumn Nations Cup 2020 with a 32-9 victory over Wales, while in the other game in Group A, England defeated Georgia 40-0. In Group B Scotland defeated Italy 28-17, while Fiji pulled out, France and Italy being awarded 28-0 walkover wins. After the impressive win over Wales Ireland struggled to a 7-18 defeat to England, while Wales won 18-0 against Georgia. In Group B Round 2 saw France win again, 22-15 over Scotland. The Final Round of Group games saw Ireland win by a disappointing score of 23-10 against Georgia, who scored their only points of the Group in the loss to the Irish. England, meanwhile topped the Group with a 24-13 victory over Wales. Group B waswon by France who won easily against Italy, 36-5. The Finals saw England take first place with a narrow 22-19 win over France, while Ireland had a big 31-16 win over Scotland to take third, with 5th going to Wales after victory Italy, and Fiji turning up despite COVID to defeat Georgia and take seventh place.

About the Autumn Nations Cup

The Autumn Nations Cup 2020 is an International Rugby Competition played across Europe in two Pools of four. Georgia and Fiji are taking part along with the Six Nations Unions of England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, France and Italy. The Format is two Groups of Four, each playing three matches, before the Finals, a single game for each Union based on their finishing position in the Group Tables – 1v1, 2v2, 3v3 and 4v4.

References

Logos

[1] FloRugby (2020) T5f8eff83960c0 [Internet] Available from: https://d2779tscntxxsw.cloudfront.net/5f8eff83960c0.png?width=1200&quality=80 [Accessed 21 November 2020]

Websites

[2] Autumn Nations Cup (2020) Table [Internet] Available from: https://www.autumnnationscup.com/table/ [Accessed 21 November 2020]

[3] Autumn Nations Cup (2020) Fixtures & TV [Internet] Available from: https://www.autumnnationscup.com/fixtures-tv/ [Accessed 21 November 2020]

[4] Autumn Nations Cup (2020) About Us [Internet] Available from: https://www.autumnnationscup.com/about-us/ [Accessed 21 November 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Malcolm O’Kelly.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 2 December 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2018-2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.